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chem chap 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemical bond | the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together |
| ionic bonding | a force that attracts electrons from one atom to another, which transforms a neutral atom into an ion |
| covalent bonding | a bond formed when when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| nonpolar-covalent bond | a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are equally attracted to both bonded atoms |
| polar | describes a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are separated |
| polar covalent bond | a covalent bond in which a pair of electrons shared by two atoms is held more closely by one atom |
| molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substances chemical properties |
| molecular compound | a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules |
| chemical formula | a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance |
| molecular formula | a chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not the arrangement of the atoms |
| bond energy | the energy required to break the bonds in 1 mol of a chemical compound |
| electron - dot notation | an electron configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of the particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the elements symbol |
| lewis structure | a structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds |
| structural formula | a formula that indicates the location of the atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule and that indicates the number and location of the chemical bonds |
| single bond | a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons |
| multiple bond | a bond in which the atoms share more than one pair of electrons, such as double bond or triple bond |
| resonance | the bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single lewis structure |
| ionic compound | a compound composed of ions bound together by electrostatic attraction |
| formula unit | the collection of atoms corresponding to an ionic compounds formula such that the molar mass of the compound is the same as the mass of 1 mol of formula units |
| lattice energy | the energy associated with constructing a crystal lattice relative to the energy of all constituent atoms separated by infinite distances |
| polyatomic ion | an ion made of two or more atoms |
| metallic bonding | a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them |
| malleability | the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into a sheet |
| ductility | the ability of a substance to be hammered thin or drawn out into a wire |
| VSEPR theory | a theory that predicts some molecular shapes based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other |
| hybridization | the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of the same atom to produce new orbitals; hybridization represents the mixing of higher and lower energy orbitals to form orbitals of intermediate energy |
| hybrid orbitals | orbitals that have the properties to explain the geometry of chemical bonds between atoms |
| dipole | a molecule or a part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions |
| hydrogen bonding | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
| London dispersion force | the intermolecular attraction resulting from the uneven distribution of electrons and the creation of temporarily dipoles |
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