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AP Psych Unit 6
Module 24: Storage/Retaining Information
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Memory Storage: Capacity and Location | The brain is not like a hard drive. Memories are NOT in isolated files, but in overlapping neural networks The brain's long-term memory storage does not get full; it gets more elaborately rewired and interconnected distributed throughout the brain |
| Explicit | here are different storage and retrieval/activation systems in the brain for explicit/declarative memory and for implicit/procedural memory. When emotions become involved, yet another part of the brain can mark/flag some memories for quicker retrieval |
| Frontal Lobe (Explicit) | Retrieval and use of explicit memories, which is in part a working memory or executive function, is directed by the frontal lobes |
| Hippocampus (Explicit) | Encoding and storage of explicit memories is facilitate by the hippocampus. Events and facts are held there for a couple of days before consolidating. Most consolidating occurs during sleep |
| Cerebellum (Implicit) | “Little brain” forms and stores our conditioned responses. We can store a phonic response even if we can’t recall how we acquired the fear |
| Basal Ganglia (Implicit) | Next to the thalamus, controls movement, and forms and stores procedural memory and motor skills. We can learn ot ride a bicycle even if we can’t recall having the lesson |
| Infantile Amnesia | |
| Emotions | Strong emotions, especially stress, can strengthen memory formation |
| Flashbulb Memories | Refer to emotionally intense events that become “burned in” as a vivid-seeming memory Note that flashbulb memories are not as accurate as they feel |
| How does intense emotion cause the brain to form intense memories? | 1.can trigger a rise in stress hormones 2.trigger activity in the amygdala, located next to the memory-formation hippocampus 3.amygdala increases memory-forming activity and engages the frontal lobes and basal ganglia to “tag” the memories as important |
| Hormones and Amygdala | As a memories are stored with more sensory and emotional details These details can trigger a rapid, unintended recall of the memory Traumatized people can have intrusive recall that is so vivid that it feels like re-experiencing the event |
| Synaptic Changes | to form memories, neurons release neurotransmitters to other neurons across the synapses w repetition, synapses undergo long-term potentiation; signals are sent across the synapse more efficiently THIS needs less prompting to send & increase in neurotra |
| Long Term Potentiation: | - The current theory of how our long-term memory works - Memory has a neural basis - LTP is an increase in a synapses firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation |
| Stress | Stress can lead to the release of hormones that have been shown to assist in LTM Similar to the idea of Flashbulb Memory Heightened emotions (stress related or otherwise) make for stronger memories. Continued stress can disrupt memory |
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