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Ch 13 TQ (1-7)

QuestionAnswer
1. (a) What is plate tectonics? plate tectonics is the study of the formation and movement of the plates of Earth's surface.
(b) Identify plates that are moving apart; moving together or colliding; and sliding past each other. the South American and the African plates are moving apart. the Indian is colliding with the Eurasian plate. the Pacific and the North American plates are sliding past each other.
2. (a) Describe the structure and properties of the lithosphere. the lithosphere is the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle. the lithosphere is rigid but broken into plates that move with respect to one another and is 100 kilometers thick.
(b) How are the composition and density of continental crust different from that of the rest of the lithosphere? the composition of the lithosphere is basically that of the igneous rock basalt. continental crust has a composition of igneous rock granite. the continents occur just as pieces embedded in the more dense lithosphere.
3. (a) Where is the asthenosphere? the layer within the mantle where the lithospheric plates rest upon.
(b) What is the major property of the asthenosphere? the convection currents are a major property in the asthenosphere.
(c) How do the lithospheric plates move where convection currents are rising? the lithospheric plates move away from each other.
(d) How do the plates move where convection currents are sinking? the lithospheric plates are being pulled together.
4. (a) What is the theory of continental drift? two continents that had once been part of a larger continent that had broken and moved apart.
(b) List three pieces of evidence that Wegener used to support the theory of continental drift. fossils in Brazil and South Africa, distinctive rocks are found in both continents, and the similarities in continental shape.
5. (a) Why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate boundaries? they mark the location for the plate boundaries.
(b) Where is the largest belt of active earthquakes and volcanoes? one that nearly surrounds the Pacific Ocean.
(c) Name four volcanoes that occur in this belt. Mount Saint Helen's, Mount Katmai, Mount Fujiyama, and Mount Pinatubo.
6. (a) Describe Earth's magnetic polarity when the magnetic poles are reversed. They show in bands in the igneous rocks on the ocean floor.
(b) What is the pattern of polarity reversals at spreading plate boundaries? the south became the north pole and vice versa.
(c) Describe the age of the rocks of the ocean floor relative to spreading plate boundaries. magnetic bands found on both sides of the boundaries with the actual age of the rocks.
(d) What are spreading centers? What occurs there? where the lithospheric plates are moving apart. Lave wells up from deep within the Earth and continuously forms new rocks there.
7. (a) What is heat flow? a measure of the amount of heat leaving the rocks of the lithosphere.
(b) What is the relationship between heat flow and the distance from a spreading center? rocks cool and contract as they move away from the centers.
(c) How does heat flow provide evidence for rising convection currents at spreading centers? They form new oceanic crusts.
(d) What is the relationship between heat flow and seafloor elevation? Why? Elevation decreases away from spreading centers.
Created by: sml1494
 

 



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