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Practice Exam
Human Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? Head pointing forward Body standing erect Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position. | Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up |
| Two major cavities of the human body are: ventral/dorsal. inferior/superior. visceral/parietal. axial/appendicular. | ventral/dorsal. |
| The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: testes. ovaries. ureter. penis. | Ureter |
| Blood production is a function of which system? | Skeletal |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): | Tissue |
| A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions. | Front and back |
| The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: trachea. venae cavae. right lung. esophagus. | Right lung |
| The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: stomach. pancreas. heart. reproductive organs. | heart |
| Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? Digestion Balance Conductivity Circulation Reproduction | Balance |
| The number of abdominal regions is: three. five. seven. nine. | Nine |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: solution becomes more basic. solution becomes more acidic. pH rises. Both A and C are correct. | solution becomes more acidic. |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: one proton. one proton and one neutron. two protons and one neutron. one proton and two neutrons. | one proton and two neutrons. |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: 10. 8. 4. 2. | 2 |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): orbital. proton. neutron. electron. | Electron |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity All of the above | All of the Above |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? Group of answer choices Oxygen Zinc Carbon Potassium | Zinc |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? Group of answer choices Ionic Hydrogen Electrovalent Covalent | Hydrogen |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | Alkaline |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. Group of answer choices synthesis exchange decomposition reversible | exchange |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? Group of answer choices Peroxisomes Mitochondria Ribosomes Proteasomes | Proteasomes |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: Group of answer choices cilia. flagella. microvilli. microtubules. | cilia |
| Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle? Group of answer choices Golgi apparatus Ribosome Mitochondria Both A and B | Ribosome |
| Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Group of answer choices Provides a site for ribosome attachment Supplies membrane for use throughout the cell Makes steroid hormones Makes glycoproteins | Provides a site for ribosome attachment |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: Group of answer choices faces the exterior of the cell. faces the interior of the cell. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer. both A and B. | A & B |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” Group of answer choices Centrosome Microfilament Microtubule Intermediate filament | Microfilament |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: Group of answer choices white blood cell. female sex cell or ovum. liver cell. male sex cell or sperm. | Female sex cell |
| Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells? Group of answer choices Gland cells Immune cells Nerve cells Red blood cells | Immune cells |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: Group of answer choices microfilaments. chromatin. nucleotides. microtubules. | Chromatin |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: Group of answer choices gap junctions. desmosomes. tight junctions. adhesions. | desmosomes |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and Group of answer choices superficial fascia. subcutaneous. epidermis. hypodermis. | epidermis |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. Group of answer choices reticular epidermal muscle connective tissue | Reticular |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? Group of answer choices smooth muscle striated muscle cardiac muscle blood | Cardiac |
| Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? Group of answer choices cardiac epithelial nervous connective muscle | Cardiac |
| Which of the following is not a primary germ layer? Group of answer choices endoderm ectoderm mesoderm epiderm | Epiderm |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a Group of answer choices membrane. matrix. cytoplasm. lymph. | Matrix |
| Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant? Group of answer choices elastin collagen reticular adipose | Collagen |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is Group of answer choices connective. epithelial. muscle. nerve. | Connective |
| The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes. | synovial |
| The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called | Keratin |
| If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a | Female |
| Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? Group of answer choices pubis ischium ilium coccygeal | Pubis |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? Group of answer choices cartilage and tendons ligaments and cartilage muscles and tendons ligaments and tendons | ligaments and tendons |
| The two bones that form the framework for the forearm are the | radius and the ulna |
| The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are | axial and appendicular. |
| Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton? Group of answer choices vertebra tarsal femur clavicle | Vertebra |
| Which of the following is not a bone in the skull? Group of answer choices clavicle parietal sphenoid ethmoid | Clavicle |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | Hyoid |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | Sternum |
| The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: | Trapezius |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which is true? Knee is acting as a fulcrum. The movement is a first-class lever. The movement is a second-class lever. A and C | Knee is acting as a fulcrum. |
| Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight. Group of answer choices 10% 25% 50% 75% | 50% |
| Muscles may be named according to: Group of answer choices function. direction of fibers. points of attachment. all of the above. | All of the Above |
| The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. Group of answer choices convergent parallel fusiform pennate | Convergent |
| The soleus muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. | pennate |
| All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the: Group of answer choices deltoid. infraspinatus. supraspinatus. teres minor. | Deltoid |
| Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane? Group of answer choices Rectus abdominis External oblique Transverse abdominis Internal intercostals | Transverse abdominis |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: | endomysium. |
| The prime mover can also be called the: | agonist |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: Group of answer choices endoneurium. perineurium. macroneurium. epineurium. | perineurium. |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: Group of answer choices stimulate the fight-or-flight response. maintain normal resting activity. carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. do both A and B. | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: Group of answer choices nerve fibers. neuroglia. axons. cell bodies. | cell bodies |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. Group of answer choices multipolar bipolar unipolar multidendritic | Multipolar |
| The nervous system is organized to do which of the following? Group of answer choices Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment. All of the above are true. | All of the Above |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: Group of answer choices nodes of Ranvier. a neurilemma. a myelin sheath. neurofibrils. | a neurilemma. |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: | myelinated fibers. |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: Group of answer choices dendrite, axon, cell body, and receptor. dendrite, cell body, and axon. axon, cell body, and dendrite. receptor, axon, and cell body. | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? Group of answer choices Water Carbon dioxide Glucose Dopamine | Dopamine |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): Group of answer choices motor neuron. sensory neuron. interneuron. bipolar neuron. | sensory neuron. |
| Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue? Group of answer choices Olfactory Trigeminal Trochlear Hypoglossal | Hypoglossal |
| The pyramids are formed in the: Group of answer choices pons. medulla. midbrain. cerebellum. | Medulla |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? Group of answer choices Brachial Cervical Lumbar Sacral | Brachial |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. true/false | False |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? Group of answer choices Hypothalamus Thalamus Pineal gland Cerebellum | Pineal gland |
| “Fight-or-flight” physiological changes include all of the following except: increased conversion of glycogen into glucose. constriction of respiratory airways. increased sweating. dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles. | constriction of respiratory airways. |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: Group of answer choices limbic system. corpus callosum. temporal lobes. caudate nucleus. | limbic system. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: Group of answer choices subarachnoid space. central canal. third ventricle. subdural space. | subdural space. |
| The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: Group of answer choices about 10% of the population. about 50% of the population. about 90% of the population. all people. | 90% |
| The main divisions of the central nervous system are the: Group of answer choices brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nerves. brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. brain and spinal cord. sensory division and motor division. | Brain and spinal cord |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the | Facial |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? | thyroid and parathyroids |
| Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers. | Cornea |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. | calcitonin |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. | adrenal gland |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. | vestibule |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| The hormone produced by the heart Group of answer choices increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. increases calcium levels in the blood. is secreted in response to low blood volumes. decreases urine output. | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node |
| All of the following are granulocytes except Group of answer choices neutrophils. eosinophils. lymphocytes. basophils. | lymphocytes. |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | semilunar valves. |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? | coronary arteries |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| Renal veins drain blood from the | kidneys |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the | papillary muscles. |
| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium. |
| Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease? | interferon |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center. |
| Lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as | natural killer cells. |
| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor. |
| The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called | Phagocytosis |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called | lymphokinetic activities. |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins. |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | Antigen's epitopes fit into and bind to an antibody molecule's antigen-binding sites |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: | conchae |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | horizontal fissure. |
| Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx? | Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares |
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: | alveoli. |
| The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the: | thyroid cartilage. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? Group of answer choices Assists with homeostasis of body pH Distributes oxygen to cells Filters air Warms air | Distributes oxygen to cells |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the | cricoid cartilage. |
| The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: Group of answer choices larynx. trachea. oropharynx. nasopharynx. | trachea |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: Group of answer choices oropharynx. nasopharynx. esophagus. Both A and B are correct. | oropharynx. |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: Group of answer choices trachea. nose. nasopharynx. oropharynx. | nasopharynx. |
| The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: | mesentery. |
| Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva? | Sublinguals |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? | Esophagus |
| The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue. | extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin |
| The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the: | hepatic flexure. |
| Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest? | Ileum |
| A barium enema study is used to detect and locate: Group of answer choices polyps. tumors. diverticula. all of the above. | all of the above. |
| The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is: | cementum. |
| The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the _____ colon. | descending |
| The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: | uvula. |
| Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced? Group of answer choices ANH Aldosterone ADH Both B and C | Both B &C |
| Which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced? | ANH |
| The function of the urinary bladder is to: Group of answer choices serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body. expel urine from the body, aided by the urethra. help concentrate the urine in periods of dehydration. A and B. | A & B |
| In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the: | afferent arteriole. |
| Substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by the process of: | filtration. |
| There are how many openings in the urinary bladder? | Three |
| Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the: | movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood. |
| A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the: | nephron loop |
| Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: | Ureter |
| The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is: Group of answer choices creatinine. glucose. sodium. potassium. | creatinine. |
| Mechanical support and protection for developing germ cells in the testis are provided by: | Sertoli cells. |
| Which of the following is not an accessory sex organ of the female reproductive system? Group of answer choices Ovary Vagina Fallopian tube Mammary glands | Ovary |
| The tightly coiled tube of the epididymis measures _____ feet in length. | 20 |
| The final stage in the process of ovarian follicle development is the: | corpus albicans. |
| The region between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called the: | perineum. |
| The greater vestibular glands are also called _____ glands. | Bartholin |
| The supporting structures in the male reproductive system include: Group of answer choices the penis. a pair of spermatic cords. the scrotum. all of the above. | all of the above |
| The urethral orifice is _____ to the vagina opening. | anterior |
| Which of the following hormones causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts, making it accessible for the infant? | Oxytocin |
| The dense, white, fibrous capsule that encases each testis is called the: | tunica albuginea. |
Created by:
Sabrina.cox