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APUSH Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the Revolution of 1800? | The Revolution of 1800 showed a peaceful passing of power from Federalist to Democratic Republican. |
| Who won the election of 1800? | Jefferson |
| Why did Northen industrialists want higher tariffs? | To protect their companies from foreign competition. |
| Why did Southerners want lower tariffs? | They relied on exports of cotton and other crops. |
| What was the Louisiana Purchase? | It was the purchase of western lands known as the Louisiana Territory. |
| Who had the Louisiana Territory before its purchase? | France |
| Why did France want to sell the Louisiana Territory? | Napoleon wanted to concentrate French resources on fighting Great Britain and a rebellion led by Toussaint Louverture against French rule on the island of Santo Domingo had resulted in heavy French losses. |
| What important Landmarks did the Louisiana Territory had that appealed to the US? | Mississippi and Missouri rivers and the Port of New Orleans. |
| Why did the people want the US to buy the Louisiana Territory? | In 1802, Spanish officials, in charge of New Orleans, closed the port to Americans, who relied on the cheap transportation of goods. |
| What treaty did the Spanish go against when they closed the Port of New Orleans to America? | Pickney Treaty |
| Why did Jefferson want to buy the Louisiana Territory? | He feared that as long as a foreign power controlled the river at New Orleans, the US risked entanglement in European affairs. |
| What did Jefferson originally send ministers to negotiate for? | Offer 10 million dollars for New Orleans and a strip of land extending from that port eastward to Florida. |
| Bonus! How much did the US buy the Louisiana Territory for? | 15 million dollars |
| Why did Jefferson feel conflicted with the Louisiana Purchase? | He had a strict interpretation of the Constitution and didn't believe in implied powers. |
| What did Jefferson do to fix his moral dilemma with a strict interpretation of the constitution for the Louisiana Purchase? | Jefferson sent it to the Senate saying the lands could be added to the US as an application of the president's power to make treaties. |
| What did Jefferson hope the Louisiana Purchase would do? | Jefferson hoped that the country's future would have many farms. |
| What was the Lewis and Clark Expedition? | Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore Western lands. They went to the Pacific coast of Oregon. |
| What benefits did the Lewis and Clark Expedition have? | Greater geographic and scientific knowledge of the region, stronger US claims to the Oregon Territory, better relations with Indians, and more accurate maps and land routes for fur trappers and future settlers. |
| Who was John Marshall? | John Marshall was a Supreme court cheif justice from Virginia. |
| Bonus! Who appointed John Marshall? | John Adams |
| Did Marshall have a strict or implied interpretation of the constitution? | implied |
| What case established Judicial review? | Marbury v. Madison |
| What is the premise of Marbury v. Madison? | The night before Adams left office he made midnight appointment of Federalist judges, but the commissions were never formally delivered, and Jefferson told Madison not to send them. Marbury went to court to get his commission. |
| What is the premise of McCulloch v. Maryland? | Maryland attempted to tax the Second bank of the US. |
| What did McCulloch v. Maryland establish? | Implied Powers |
| What question was being asked in Gibbons v. Ogden? | Could the state of New York grant a monopoly to a steamboat company if that action conflicted with a charter authorized by Congress? |
| What was the ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden? | In ruling that the New York monopoly was unconstitutional, Marshall established the federal government's broad control of interstate commerce. |
| Who was the president during the Era of Good Feelings? | Monroe |
| How is the name "Era of Good Feelings," contradictory to what was actually happening during that time? | Heated debates over tariffs, the national bank, internal improvements, and public land sales. Tensions for slavery were increasing. |
| How is the name, "Era of Good Feelings, " true to its name? | There was nationalism, optimism and good will. Democratic-Republicans were coming to power and Federalists faded. |
| What is Economic Nationalism? | A political movement to support the nation's economy and stemmed from the war of 1812. |
| What was the tariff of 1816? | A protective tariff that limited British goods to protect US manufacturers from competition rather than to simply raise revenue. |
| What section opposed the tariff of 1816? | New England because they had little manufacturing. |
| What were the three parts of Henry Clays, American System? | 1) Protective tariffs (2) National bank (3) internal improvements |
| How did all 3 parts of Henry Clays, American System, work together? | Protective tariffs would promote US manufacturing and raise revenue with which to build a national transportation system of federally constructed roads and canal. A national bank would keep the section running smoothly. |
| What 2 parts of Henry Clays, American System, actually get implemented? | Protective tariffs and a national bank |
| What was the Missouri Compromise? | It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana territory. |
| Why did admitting Missouri into the union cause problems in the government? | It would break the equality in the senate to have more slave states, tipping the balance in the South's favor. |
| What were the two parts of Tallmadge Amendment for the Missouri Compromise? | 1)prohibiting the further introduction of slaves into Missouri (2) requiring the children of Missouri slaves to be emancipated at the age of 25. |
| If the Tallmadge Amendment was adopted, what would've happened to slavery? | The gradual elimination of slavery |
| What were the three parts of Henry Clay's proposal for the Missouri Compromise? | 1) admit Missouri as a slave holding state (2) admit Maine as a free state (3) prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30' |
| What were the Barbary Pirates doing? | They were seizing US ships |
| Why did Jefferson send the Navy to fight the Barbary Pirates? | Because they were asking for a higher sum of money from Jefferson to not seize the US ships |
| What is impressment? | Impressment is when another country forces a person who is not a citizen to serve in their army. |
| What was the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair | The British warship Leopard fired on the US warship Chesapeake. 3 Americans were killed and 4 were impressed into the British army, which caused US citizens to demand war. Jefferson, resorted to diplomacy and economic pressure, to keep neutrality |
| What was the Embargo Act of 1807? | It prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port. |
| Why did Jefferson implement the Embargo Act of 1807? | An alternative to war and Jefferson hoped that because the US was Britain's biggest trading partner, the British would stop violating the US' rights. |
| Who did the effects of the Embargo Act affect the most. | The embargo effect of the US economy was devastating, especially for merchant marine and shipbuilders in New England. |
| Why did Madison implement the Nonintercourse Act of 1809? | He hoped to end economic hardships from the Embargo act. |
| What was the Nonintercourse Act of 1809? | It said that Americans could trade with all nations except Britain and France. |
| What did Macon's Bill No. 2 say? | It was a bill that restored US trade with Britain and France, but Britain or France had to formally agree to respect US neutral rights at sea. The US, in turn, would prohibit trade with the other nation. |
| How did Macon's Bill No. 2 backfire? | Napoleon said he would revoke all decrees that violated the U.S. rights, and Madison believed him following through with the bill, but Napoleon was lying. |
| Who was Tecumseh? | He was an Indian prophet who attempted to unite all of the tribes east of the Mississippi River. |
| What was the Battle of Tippecanoe? | The Battle of Tippecanoe happened because white settlers were growing suspicious of Tecumseh and had General William Henry Harrison take aggressive action. Harrison destroyed Tecumseh headquarters ending the Indian confederacy. |
| What was a Warhawk? | A Warhawk was a group of new, young Democratic-Republicans that wanted war against Britain. |
| What was the Warhawks reasoning for going to war? | It was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier. |
| Why did the Quids, opposers to the war, not want to go to war? | Believed that the war violated the classic Democratic-Republican commitment to limited federal power and to the maintenance of peace. |
| How did Madison hope they would win the War of 1812? | 1) Napoleon's continued success in Europe (2) a US land campaign against Canada. |
| What was the Invasion of Canada like during the War of 1812? | It was a 3-part invasion of Canada, one force stating out from Detroit, another from Niagara, and a third from Lake Chaplain. The British easily pushed out the US and all it resulted in was an American raid and burning of government buildings in York. |
| How was the victory with Old Ironside short lived? | The British navy establishing a blockade of the US coast, which crippled trading and fishing. |
| Who died at the Battle of the Thames? | Tecumseh |
| What happened on Lake Champlain in 1814? | Thomas Macdonough defeated a British fleet and, as a result, the British had to retreat and abandon their plan to invade New York and New England. |
| What happened at the Chesapeake Campaign? | The British army marched through the nation's capital and set fire to the White House, the Capitol, and other government buildings. They also attempted to take Baltimore. |
| Why did British forces increase at the Chesapeake Campaign? | They won the war in Europe |
| Who was defeated at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend? | Creek nation |
| What battle was fought after the treaty of Ghent? | Battle of New Orleans |
| What did the treaty of Ghent do? | Halted fighting, returned all conquered territory to the prewar claimant, and recognized the prewar boundary between Canada and the US. |
| Why was the Hartford Convention held? | New England states threatened to secede from the nation. |
| What was adopted at the Hartford Convention? | The 2/3 vote to declare war |
| What happened to the federalists after the Hartford Convention? | They became weakened and called unpatriotic |
| What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? | The agreement strictly limited naval armament on the Great Lakes. In time, the agreement was extended to place limits on border fortifications as well. |
| What became of the Rush-Bagot agreement later on? | Ultimately, the border between the US and Canada was to become the longest unfortified border in the world |
| What was the Florida Purchase Treaty? | Spain turned over all of its possessions in Florida and its own claims in the Oregon Territory to the US. In return, the US agreed to assume $5 million in claims against Spain and give up any US territorial claims to the Spanish province of Texas. |
| What did the Monroe Doctrine say? | It asserted that the principle in which the rights and interests of the US are involved, that the American continents, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any power. |
| Bonus! What states made up the Old Northwest? | Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota |
| What 2 factors tied the Old Northwest to other Northern states? | 1) Military Campaign (2) the building of canals and railroads that established common markets between the Great Lakes and the East Coast |
| What 2 inventions made growing crops more profitable? | The steel plow by John Deere and mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick |
| What was the National Road? | The National or Cumberland Road broke norms and crossed state line by going from Maryland to Illinois. It was built by using state and federal money. |
| What was the Erie Canal? | The canal was built in New York and linked the economies of western farms and eastern cities. The building of this canal led to more canals and contributed to lower food prices in the East, more immigrants in the west and stronger economic ties. |
| What are 2 things Eli Whitney invented? | The cotton gin and interchangeable parts |
| Why were interchangeable parts important? | They became the basis for mass production |
| What is the Lowell system? | It had workers live in dormitories. |
| How did Textile mills come to the US? | Samual Slater started the mills with memorized knowledge from Britain. |
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