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Prev Bio Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Messenger RNA contain information that is used to synthesize | amino acids |
| Crick and his colleagues proposed that the genetic code consists of a series of blocks of information, each corresponding to one amino acid in an encoded protein. What were these blocks of information called? | codons |
| Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as | nucleotides |
| During translation, amino acids are carried to the ribosome by | tRNA |
| During this process, RNA polymerase synthesizes a molecule of RNA using DNA as a template. | transcription |
| In eukaryotes, translation takes place | on ribosomes |
| How does DNA polymerase differ From RNA polymerase? | Only DNA polymerase has a proofreading ability |
| Given the sentence "THE FAT CAT ATE THE RED RAT," which of the following would represent a frameshift mutation? | THE FAC ATA TET HER EDROAT |
| Which molecule combines with proteins to form both the large and small ribosomal subunits? | rRNA |
| During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, which molecule passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and specifies the sequence of amino acids in the new polypeptide? | mRNA |
| Specific amino acids are attached to tRNA molecules by | aminoacyl-tRNA synthesases |
| Xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Patients with XP exhibit a cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, a high incidence skin cancer, & premature aging. Based on these characteristics, what is likely cause of disease? | defects in DNA repair |
| Team with the task of creating a regulatory protein shuts off transcription of a gene. Design around a binding site called an operator that is associated with the promotor. The physical location of the operator most likely to affect transcription | downstream of the gene promoter |
| Enhancers are the binding sites for the | specific transcription factors |
| The basic tool of genetic regulation is the ability of certain proteins to bind to specific | repressor parts of the gene |
| You work for a pharmaceutical company that designs small RNAs, used to control expression of disease genes. The primary focus area of your research should be | transcriptional repression |
| Certain proteins can bind to specific DNA regulatory sequences by entering | DNA's major groove by using DNA polymerase and reading the nucleotide base pairs |
| When E. coli cells produce the amino acid tryptophan, a cluster of five genes is transcribed together. This cluster of genes is referred to as the | trp regulator |
| The lactose analog isopropyl-beta-D-thio-galactoside (IPTG) is often used to regulate gene expression systems in bacteria. IPTG does not act as a substrate for beta-galactosidase but can bind to, and inactivate, the repressor. In this case. IPTG serves as | inducer |
| If you were able to look very closely at a portion of DNA and find methylated histones, you would | be looking at a region of inactive chromatin |
| In Drosophila the cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic | determinants |
| What best describes whether a virus is likely to infect a particular cell | A virus will only infect host cells with the correct surface receptors |
| Which class of drugs would be effective against HIV but not against most other pathogenic viruses | Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that block reverse transcription |
| A layer of lipids and glycoprotein that covers the outer surface of some viruses is the | envelope |
| Amanda is a microbiologist who studies the pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. In what ways are they (Amanda and the bacteria) similar | Both have linear chromosomes |
| Cell walls of bacteria usually consist of _____, a network of polysaccharide molecules connected by polypeptide cross-links | peptidoglycan |
| The most diverse of the four eukaryotic kingdoms is the | Bacteria Kingdom |
| Baker's yeast is a single-celled ascomycete that is used in break making. Why does yeast make bread dough rise | Yeast cells produce carbon dioxide during fermentation, causing dough to expand |
| The cell walls of fungi are made up of polysaccharides including | chitin |
| How do viruses differ from bacteria | viruses do not have proteins |
| Which of the following protozoa is a pathogen | HIV |
| These biological compounds are non polar and insoluble in water | lipids |
| If you added a drug to a suspension of bacteria that inhibited their flagella, they would not be able to ______ | move |
| The progress of eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated primarily by what proteins | cyclins |
| A diploid individual carrying two different alleles at a given gene locus is called | heterozygous |
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pendleem