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AP Psych Unit 5
MODULE 22: Effects of Biology & Cognition, & Learning by Observation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Learning by Observing | higher animals especially humans learn through observing and imitating others |
| Mirror Neurons | neuroscientists have discovered (mirror) neurons in the brain of animals and humans that activate during observational learning |
| Imitation Quest | learning by observation starts early in life |
| Bandura’s Study | bandura's bobo doll study (1961) indicated that individuals (children) learn through imitating others who receive rewards and punishments |
| Applications of Observational Learning | we learned that bad and negative behaviors from models (violent tv) affect the behavior of people (act violently) bad news from bandura's studies is that antisocial models (family, neighborhood, or TV) may have antisocial effects |
| Positive Observational Learning | prosocial (positive, helpful) models can have prosocial effects. children learn what they live |
| Gentile Study | 2004, showed that elementary school going children who were exposed to violent television, videos, and video game expressed increased aggression |
| Modeling Violence | research has shown that viewing media violence does lead to increased expression of aggression |