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SESH ch 6 Review
study design
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| With regard to fitness testing and using examples, outline the principles of specificity and reliability. | Specificity is related to how close it is to the actual skill or sport. There is multiple tests that can be conducted for specificity. For example, an endurance runner, running on a treadmill. Reliability is the degree to which a measure would produce the |
| State the meaning of measurement validity. | Validity: it measures what it claims to measure. |
| Outline the importance of reliability and validity with regard to fitness testing for a sport of your choice. | Reliability: Degree of which a test is consistent and stable in measuring what it intends to. Validity: Degree to which the test actually measure what it claims to measure. |
| Outline the importance of Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) | PAR-Q helps prevent risk of injury and ensures safety to health and life. It measures components of fitness required for individual to undertake physical activity. |
| When should a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) be used? | A PAR-Q should be used before a physical activity program |
| Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of field testing compared to laboratory testing. | Field testing: Disadvantages: environment can alter results Advantages: specific to the sportLab testing: Disadvantages: Not conducted in sport environment Advantages: results are more accurate & reliable, controlled environment |
| Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of sub-maximal fitness tests. | Advantages: People who are not used to maxing out are able to perform this test safer more controlled Disadvantages: Based off of calculation; an estimate on maxing |
| Which is health-related aspect of fitness? | Body composition Cardiorespiratory Flexibility Muscular Endurance |
| Which is a performance-related (skill-related) fitness component? | Performance-related fitness: ability to perform a skill successfully based on neuromuscular system. Agility: ability to move and change direction/position of body quickly and effectively while under control Balance: stability of body by maintaining cent |
| Which is classified as a health related fitness component? | Body composition: relative amounts of body fat compared to lean body mass Cardiorespiratory: ability to provide and sustain energy aerobically (the use and delivery of oxygen) Flexibility: range of movement of a joint Muscular Endurance: ability of a m |
| What is an essential element of a general training programme? | 1) Warm-up: increases blood pressure and heart rate to prepare for cardiovascular activity 2) Stretches: prepares body for cardio. training ; ballistic or static or dynamic (??) 3) Endurance Training: improves body's capability to perform over a long pe |
| Define health related fitness | Health related fitness is done to improve physical health and to stay healthy. It is based on physiological factors and determines the ability to meet physical demands. |
| Define the term speed. | The change of distance with respect to time when movement occurs. |
| Which is a valid test of muscular endurance? | Sit up test; (you should know how to do a push up, but if you don't then here you go) The aim of this test is to perform as many sit-ups as you can in two minutes. The starting position is lying on your back with your knees bent at a 90-degree angle. Feet |
| Evaluate two methods of body composition testing. | Underwater weighting: Advantages: measures the whole body density Disadvantages: the equipment is very expensive Body Mass Index: Advantages: requires no special training, easy to calculate Disadvantages:Your body weight includes a number of compon |
| Which fitness test is most appropriate for measuring coordination? | Measuring coordination can be tested with the Hand Ball Test. The Hand Ball test determines a person's ability to throw a ball at a specific target when alternating hands. |
| Which are valid tests for aerobic capacity? | Multi-stage Fitness Test - The Bleep Test Coopers 12 minute Run Harvard Step Test |
| Outline a fitness test for a tennis player to assess - Reaction time | Test: Batak Light Board Reaction Test; this test is done for those who play sports Purpose: to measure a person's ability to see, process and react to visual information quickly Procedure: Participants stand comfortably in front of the BATAK board. Ligh |
| 100 athletes were timed running 800m. How many would be within plus or minus 2 standard deviations of the mean time? | 95 athletes because 95% of values are within +/- 2 standard deviations |
| Which if the following is not an aspect of the overload principle of training? | Distance of the work, time of the work, time of recovery periods, number of reps, number of sets, number of sessions per week, amount of resistance/ % MaxHR, range of motion. |
| How many standard deviations fall within 68 % of values for normally distributed data? | When 68% of all values are between +/- 1.0 standard deviation and 95% lie between +/- 2.0 |
| Evaluate one fitness test that would be appropriate for measuring leg power. | Vertical Jump OR Standing Broad JumpPush off with legs Advantage: Minimal equipment, simple to conduct Disadvantage: Assistant required to administer testing |
| What percentage of values would you find between 2 standard deviations? | 95% of all values are within +/- 2 standard deviations |
| Outline what is meant by correlation. | to measure if there is a relationship between two things |
| Outline two ways exercise intensity can be monitored. | Exercise intensity can be monitored by the Karvonen heart rate method to determine heart rate training zones. These incorporate your resting heart rate, and maximum heart rate to figure out a target heart rate. 50-60% of MHR is a warm-up. 60-70% is fat bu |
| How is the Karvonen method best described? | The Karvonen Formula is a mathematical formula that helps you determine your target heart rate (HR) training zone. The formula uses maximum and resting heart rate with the desired training intensity to get a target heart rate. |
| What is the coefficient of variation? | the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean expressed by a percentage |
| Which of the following is not a valid test for aerobic capacity? | The vertical jump test can be performed to measure leg power. Maximal strength tests for specific exercises should be conducted. A handgrip strength test is also suitable. |
| Discuss the principle of overload in training programme design. | Overload is a gradual increase of stress placed upon the body during exercise training, this forces the body to work harder than normal. In order to adapt to this stress being placed upon it sufficient time is needed for recuperation. In order for adaptat |
| With regard to training programme design, describe the principle of overload. | FIT. Frequency; how often should exercise, Intensity; how hard to exercise, Time/Duration;how long exercise should last. Overload causes the body to change by slowing intensifying training to force adaptation. Slightly too much work causes the body to |
| Which of the following represents the OMNI scale of perccieved exertion? | scale used for children with CP and Down syndrome for rating of perceived exertion |
| Outline the protocol used in the multistage fitness test. | The protocol for the multistage fitness test is a running endurance test where the subject runs back and forth a consistent distance for the longest amount of time they can. |
| Discuss how a field test of aerobic fitness, e.g. the 12 min cooper run or MSFT, should be validated. | The test will be validated by keeping consistency in the amount of time the test is grouped, and the distance measurements that are being used. Test is done repeatedly and administered by a professional who knows what they are doing. |
| What is the name of the method of assessing exercise intensity with this equation? | Karvonen Method |
| Describe how a 200 m butterfly swimmer could apply the principles of specificity and overload to their training programme. | The swimmer could apply the principles of specificity by only doing exercises that incorporate similar physical actions towards the butterfly stroke. An example of an exercise that would work this specifically would be elbow pulls to increase the elastici |
| Explain how you figure the mean of a set of data. | To find the mean of a data set, add all the values together and divide by the number of values in the set. |
| What percentage represents values within ±1 standard deviation for normally distributed data? | 68% percent of all values are within +/- 1 standard deviation |
| Describe how a student could apply principles of training to improve their performance on the multistage fitness test. | A student can apply principles of training to improve their performance on the multistage fitness test by improving their endurance (both muscular and mental), or they could also train with the overload principle to improve their overall endurance capacit |
| Which is a test to measure body composition? | Body mass index Underwater weighing Anthropometry |
| What do error bars on a graph represent? | They represent the variaiton and standard deviation |
| Explain the importance of study design to investigate the effectivness of a new training programme for competitive swimmers. | The importance of study design for a new training program for competitive swimmers includes the understanding of the athlete's current performance abilities, where they can improve and how long it would take to do so. |
| What percentage of the group has a heart rate within 1 standard deviation of the mean? | 34+34 =68% |
| Which is true for an athlete who consistently weighs themselves on a set of broken scales? | The results are reliable only |
| Which of the following are ethical considerations when conducting maximal fitness tests of human performance? | I. potential health risks for the participants II. the results are made available to the participants III. the participant can withdraw at any stage without prejudice |
| Which of the following is a performance-related (skill-related) fitness component? | Reaction time |
| Identify the component of fitness measured by the standing braod jump. | power |
| Which are the essential elements of a general training programme? | Immediately follows yourcardio-respiratory, reducingintensity Cool-down and stretching Exercise such as jogging,swimming or biking Cardio-respiratoryendurance trainingSquash, basketballand kayaking Recreational ActivitiesWeight lifting Resistance train |
Created by:
Ali_Hopkins