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Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| labor | people with all their abilities and efforts performed by people that provides the goods or services in an economy |
| capital | money available for investment |
| entrepreneur | a person who finds new business opportunities and new ways to make profits |
| cottage industry | a method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes |
| puddling | the process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron |
| derived | obtained from, came from |
| industrial capitalism | an economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing |
| socialism | a system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production |
| assembly line | pioneered by Henry Ford in 1913, a manufacturing method that allowed much more efficient mass production of goods |
| mass production | production of goods in quantity usually by machinery |
| transition | changeover; the move from one form, stage, or style to another |
| bourgeoisie | the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people |
| proletariat | the working class |
| revisionist | a Marxist who rejected the revolutionary approach, believing instead in evolution by democratic means to achieve the goal of socialism |
| feminism | the movement for women’s rights |
| advocate | to support; to speak in favor of |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| ministerial responsibility | the idea that the prime minister is responsible to the popularly elected legislative body and not to the king or president |
| Duma | the Russian legislative assembly |
| insecure | uncertain, shaky; not adequately covered or sustained |
| controversy | a dispute or quarrel |
| modernism | a movement in which writers and artists between 1870 and 1914 rebelled against the traditional literary and artistic styles that had dominated European cultural life since the Renaissance |
| abstract | a style of art, emerging around 1910, that spoke directly to the soul and avoided visual reality by using only lines and color |
| psychoanalysis | a method by which a therapist and patient probe deeply into the patient’s memory; by making the patient’s conscious mind aware of repressed thoughts, healing can take place |
| Social Darwinism | theory used by Western nations in the late nineteenth century to justify their dominance; it was based on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, “the survival of the fittest,” and applied to modern human activities |
| intensity | extreme degree of strength, force, energy, or feeling |
| pogrom | the organized massacre of a minority group, especially Jews |
| Zionism | an international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel |