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chapter 4
individual Values, Perceptions, and Reactions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stress is caused by | a stimulus |
| what forms does stress take on | physical or psychological |
| stress | aperson's adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological or physical demands on that person |
| stimulus | anything inducing stress |
| the stress process | alarm resistance exhaustion |
| alarm | prepares a person to respond to the stressor they are experiencing |
| resistance | when your body tries to repair itself after the initial shock of stress |
| exhaustion | the body has depleted its energy resources by continually trying but failing to recover from the initial alarm reaction stage |
| general adaptation syndrome | identifies three stages of response to a stressor |
| eustress | pleasurable stress that accompanies positive events |
| example of eustress | deciding what to do with money after receiving a bonus |
| distress | the unpleasant stress that accompanies negative events |
| example of distress | unreasonable demands excessive pressure bad news |
| organizational stressors | various factors in the workplace that can cause stress |
| 4 general kinds of organizational stressors | task demands physical demands role demands interpersonal demands |
| task demands | occupation security overload |
| physical demands | temperature office design |
| role demands | ambiguity conflict |
| interpersonal demands | group pressure leadership style personalities |
| individual consequences of stress | behavioral psychological medical |
| behavioral | alcohol and drug abuse violence appetite disorders |
| psychological | sleep disturbances depression |
| medical | heart disease headaches |
| organizational consequences | Decline in performance Absenteeism and turnover Decreased Motivation and satisfaction |
| burnout | a general feeling of exhaustion that develops when an individual simultaneously experiences too much pressure and has too few sources of satisfaction |
| consequences of stress | individual organizational burnout |
| individual coping strategies | exercise relaxation time management role management develop and maintain support groups |
| organizational coping strategies | institutional programs for managing stress collateral programs other programs |
| institutional programs | undertaken through established organizational mechanisms culture supervision |
| collateral programs | organizational program specifically created to help employees deal with stress stress management health promotion |
| How can employers help with employee well-being | supervisors, if made aware of their potential for assigning stressful amounts of work, can do a better job of keeping workloads reasonable organizations should strive to foster a culture that reinforces a healthy mix of work and non-work activities |
| What outcomes are associated with effective wellness programs? | more energy, enthusiasm, and motivation less tension and stress, are more self-confident, and show greater optimism |
| What is the relationship between (lack of) well-being and common health outcomes? | heart disease headaches alcohol and drug abuse appetite disorders depression |
| How can employees improve their own well-being? | exercise relaxation time management role management support groups |
Created by:
szander