Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych KC/Exam Review
Review of all knowledge check and exam questions.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The fact that many adult males who lived through the Great Depression later had erratic careers and unstable marriages exemplifies: | the impact of historical context on development |
| Case studies are particularly useful in developmental studies because they help us understand: | complex and rare disorders/experiences |
| Isabelle asks a sample of college students if they prefer heavy metal or R&B and marks if they're male or female. Isabelle used the: | survey method of testing |
| Annabelle thinks students who wear orange are more likely to get A's, so she surveys students by asking them their GPA and color preference. What has she done wrong? | her sample doesn't represent her population |
| Dr. Sanchez is interested in the impact of peanut butter consumption on math skills. Both groups are sent to the same lecture and given a math test. The test scores would be the: | dependent variable |
| Ethical guidelines of psychological research require all of the following except: | no physical or psychological harm |
| Given this description, Dr. Sanchez seems to be using an: | experimental research technique |
| Researchers would rather use a naturalistic than a structured observational method because it: | eliminates the observer effect |
| If a test is valid, it is: | accurately measuring the variables stated in the hypothesis |
| Dr. Hart sets up an experiment to see which method of science instruction has the greatest effect on achievement measured by a standardized test. Instructional method is the: | independent variable |
| All stages of development are important to understand in regards to overall human development. However, the most critical time period for development occurs in the: | prenatal period |
| The only difference between the control and experimental group would be the: | independent variable |
| Random assignment is essential in research as it: | helps eliminate confounding variables like personality, IQ, socio-economic experiences, etc. |
| When conducting observational research, the researcher may unintentionally use their knowledge, beliefs, or attitudes to influence their data. This is known as: | observer bias |
| Peer influence on behavior is most prominent during: | early adolescence |
| You can eliminate the observer effect in a naturalistic study by: | not intruding on the natural environment of the subject |
| Research into spina bifida used a ____ because though they manipulated variables, they didn't have enough control to show cause and effect. | quasi-experimental method of testing |
| A very specific definition of the behavior to be measured is vital in any research. These definitions are known as: | operational definitions |
| Dr. Ledger compares graduation rates, GPA's, date of applications and concludes that application date is the best predictor of student success. This type of data collection method is: | meta-analysis |
| "All college students will write better papers than non-college students" is not a good hypothesis because it: | is not falsifiable |
| DNA is made up of 4 base chemicals. Which of the following is not one? | thesodine |
| Following mitosis, each daughter cell has ___ as the mother cell. | the same number of chromosomes |
| Color blindness and hemophilia are examples of: | sex-linked inheritance |
| Jax had blue eyes (bb). Jax has a ___. | homozygotic pair of alleles |
| Scotty has the genotype that promotes athleticism. Chances are good that due to this ___, Scotty will go pro. | passive genotype/environment |
| Yao has an extra X chromosome. He is tall, sterile, and has enlarged breasts. Yao would be diagnosed with: | Klinefelter syndrome |
| Galeo has an extra chromosome on the 21st pair. Galeo has: | down syndrome |
| An individual born with ___ would have the shortest life expentancy. | Tay-Sachs |
| Most cells of a typical male consist of: | one X and one Y chromosome |
| If brown eyes are dominant and blue eyes are recessive, probability would predict that a couple would have a ___ chance of having a child with brown eyes. | 2 in 4 |
| Rh incompatibility occurs when a mother is Rh ___ and the fetus is Rh ___. | negative; positive |
| Most complex human characteristics, such as personality and intelligence, are inherited via: | polygenic inheritance |
| The difference in phenotype between twins, given the same genotype can be explained by the: | reaction range |
| Bali and Jerard are exposed to the same environmental stress and rewards, yet Bali seems more responsive to both. ___ could explain this. | differential susceptibility hypothesis |
| Baby Gerber smiles and coos so often that his parents feel compelled to smile back. Gerber develops a more social personality. Which gene-environmental correlation is this? | evocative |
| The first 22 pairs of your chromosomes are known as: | autosomes |
| In order to produce fraternal (dizygotic) twins, you must: | have two separate fertilized eggs |
| DNA gets transcribed into usable: | RNA |
| An individual who is a carrier of a trait but doesn't develop it has: | one dominant gene calling for the absence of the trait and one recessive gene calling for the presence of the trait |
| The fact that type AB blood appears to be the result of an equal compromise between genes for type A and type B provides a good example of: | co-dominance |
| A pregnant woman shouldn't sit in a hot tub because a water temperature of 102 degrees can lead to: | the death of the fetus |
| Geni, who is 6 months pregnant, just found out that she has genital herpes and most likely contracted it long before the pregnancy. Geni should: | be very worried, since over half of all babies who contract herpes die |
| Lack of folic acid in one's diet during pregnancy increases the risk of: | spina bifida |
| If mom contracts rubella within the first four weeks of pregnancy, her baby will most likely: | be blind and have heart defects |
| The amount of damage to the infant from lack of nutrition is going to be determined by: | length and type of deficiency |
| Which of the following environmental factors is most likely to result in mental retardation? | lack of nutrition |
| Which of the following statements about paternal age is false? | Because Jeremy is a young and healthy 17-year-old, there are no real worries about the health of his sperm or baby. |
| If a mother has AIDS, her fetus: | may be perfectly healthy |
| A teratogen is BEST defined as: | an environmental agent that crosses the placental barrier and causes harm |
| Long labor and increase in birth injury is associated with the use of: | epidurals |
| Which of the following is true in consideration of the impact of maternal stress during pregnancy? | Little to no damage is seen unless the stress is prolonged and severe. |
| The medical term "age of viability" refers to the point at which: | survival outside the mother is possible |
| What aids in delivery by causing the uterus to contract? | pitocin |
| Epidurals can reduce pain from childbirth but come at a cost. Which of the following is not a concern? | sedation of the neonate as it passes to the placenta |
| All of the following are associated with exposure to radiation except: | heart defects |
| Babies of young fathers are more likely to have: | birth complications |
| Which of the following statements about fertilization is false? | Sixty two percent of all fertilized eggs will implant successfully. |
| The Hoxa 10 gene will cause: | the blastula to produce an enzyme that will allow it to implant itself |
| The three periods of prenatal development are (from earliest to latest): | germinal, embryo, fetus |
| The most likely impact of thalidomide on prenatal development involves: | flipper arms and facial deformities |
| Divergent thinking is: | creativity |
| The formula for calculating an intelligence quotient is: | IQ = (MA/CA)*100 |
| According to Piaget, the ability to adapt to one's environment represents their: | intelligence |
| Research on socioeconomic status and intelligence has shown us all of the following except: | Unless extreme poverty is present, no significant differences are found in IQ between the classes. |
| Howard Gardner believed that one's ability to understand others was a sign of: | interpersonal intelligence |
| The most influential determinant of intellectual ability is: | genetics |
| Dominique is shown a series of triangles of different sizes and colors is asked to guess what the next triangle in the series might look like. The person testing Dominique is most likely assessing: | fluid intelligence |
| According to Piaget, we need to adjust info or the schema itself to avoid anxiety when the info doesn't match the existing schema. He referred to this as: | equilibration |
| David says, "I subscribe to a psychometric approach on that topic." This means that David would most likely: | describe a person in terms of measurable traits they possess |
| Which of the following would be an example of Piaget's Concept of Operations? | Allie uses her cognitive maps to find her car in the parking lot. |
| Ethan believes boys are worse at writing papers than girls. He doesn't work hard in English and doesn't do as well as the girls. He is a victim of a: | stereotyped threat |
| According to Sternberg, being able to adapt to one's environment and making changes when necessary, would be a sign of: | successful intelligence |
| Chantal has just seen her first cat. She had to create a new schema to represent this. Chantal is using: | accommodation |
| Jennifer knows every detail of her bedroom and would notice if her little brother was in there. This is because Jennifer: | created a schema for her room |
| I created the first intelligence test. | Binet |
| Intelligence goes beyond academics as we have specific intelligences like musical or interpersonal. | Gardner |
| I think we have both fluid and crystallized intelligences. | Cattell |
| We have three levels of intelligences that deal with ability, experience, and use. | Sternberg |
| If you are good at one intellectual task, you will be good at most. | Spearman |
| The sensorimotor stage starts with: | basic reflexes |
| Adolescents tend to be more ___ thinkers, while adults are more relativistic. | absolute |
| According to Piaget, hypothetical thinking develops in the ___ stage of cognitive development. | formal operation |
| If a person can think abstractly, they can: | think about problems in a variety of ways and solutions |
| Private speech helps us: | externally process what is inside our minds when solving complex problems |
| Manny learned how to multiply fractions in 15 minutes. According to Vygotsky, this would be his: | zone of proximal development |
| The ability to problem find rather than just problem solve requires: | dialectical thinking |
| Jennifer deliberately throws her ball down the stairs to see what will happen. She is demonstrating: | tertiary circular reaction |
| Sammy got upset when his big brother stepped on his teddy bear. Sammy told his mom that his teddy bear needed to go to the doctor. Sammy is demontrating: | animism |
| Vygotsky referred to the gap between what a learner can accomplish independently and what they can do with guidance as the: | zone of proximal development |
| The primary goal of the preoperational stage is to: | conquer symbolic function |
| The concrete thinker is able to do more difficult math problems because they can follow an order of operations. Piaget refers to this as: | seriation |
| Fifteen-year-old Fallon is self-conscious about the pimple on her face. Fallon is demonstrating the egocentric fallacy in thought referred to as: | imaginary audience |
| Franco picks up a handful of spaghetti and puts it in his mouth, ears, and hair. Franco's behavior is most typical of infants in the ___ sensorimotor substage. | tertiary circular reactions |
| Adam has formal operational thought. Adam is: | able to think systematically about abstract concepts |
| Wendall has a hard time conserving because he gets stuck on the last bit of info he processed. This is known as: | static thought |
| Abdul can break down info but can't put info together to form his own conclusions. Abdul has: | deductive reasoning skills |
| Jimmy watches his mom pour all his juice out of a tall, skinny glass into a short, wide cup. He thinks he doesn't have as much juice. Jimmy is unable to: | conserve |
| Children are given cards. They are asked to sort them by color first, and then asked to sort the boats from the balls. The children who have a hard time with the second task demonstrate: | centration |
| Rana never had any formal training in breeding animals, but had helped his father in the family's business, so Rana is now skilled. Vygotsky would refer to this skill acquisition as the result of: | guided participation |
| The ___ is responsible for the formation and retrieval of procedural memory related to balance and spatial awareness. | cerebellum |
| Which of the following statements is false in regards to the processing of information? | We will see the development of divided attention start in early adulthood. |
| Normal pruning will result in: | more efficient processing |
| The ___ is important in the creation of new episodic memories. | hippocampus |
| Wayne has trouble remembering the last four digits of his new phone number until he makes a connection. This best demonstrates the memory concept of: | elaboration |
| Ethel looks up the phone number of a gas station and remembers it long enough to dial it. When she is dialing, she is working the info in her: | short-term memory |
| Ethan can use the strategies his teacher taught him, but he doesn't have the ability to create his own strategies. Ethan has: | production deficiency |
| Encoding occurs in the: | cortex related to the stimuli |
| You can get in your car and drive home with little to no conscious effort because you have: | automatic processing |
| With which of the following tasks would older adults have the least problem? | a memory task where they can use well-practiced memory strategies |
| A memory that occurs without any conscious effort is best referred to as: | implicit |
| Which memory strategy is the first to develop? | rehearsal |
| The ___ creates a memory trace so info can be sent to long-term memory. | medial-temporal lobe |
| What would best represent info in your long-term memory? | the info you access about the concept of long-term memory that you encoded during the previous night's study session |
| The ___ mediates procedural memory. | striatum |
| Info typically stays in ___ for the briefest amount of time. | sensory register |
| ___ is the basis for processing info because without it, the other things couldn't operate. | memory |
| Biological and social needs affect ___ significantly. | adolescence |
| Research on eyewitness memory in preschoolers indicates that their memory is best described as: | reconstructed and questionable |
| Goodness of fit is best defined as: | the extent to which the child's temperament is compatible with the social world to which the child must adapt |
| The "looking-glass self" refers to: | the ability to see yourself the way others see you |
| According to Freud, the super ego is our: | moral principle |
| Cindy is asked why she attends church and she says it's because she's been since she was a child. Cindy's religious identity is in the state of: | foreclosure |
| At which stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development does a preschool child start to develop a sense of purpose by starting projects and taking great pride in their accomplishments? | initiative vs. guilt |
| When a 2-year-old begins to classify themselves as a boy or a girl, they are demonstrating the: | categorical self |
| The idea that personality is acquired during eight stages of psychosocial development is best associated with: | Erikson |
| Erikson referred to the psychosocial crisis of adolescence as a conflict of: | identity vs. role confusion |
| Five-month-old Ruby is beginning to recognize that her mother doesn't tend to come to feed her when she's hungry. According to Erikson, Ruby is involved in a psychosocial crisis of: | trust vs. mistrust |
| Gerber is tasting strained peas for the first time and she adjusts quickly and appears happy. With regard to temperament, Gerber is best classified as: | easy |
| Personality traits are assumed to be: | consistent across both time and situation |
| Deckland is the class clown. He doesn't have much self-discipline. Deckland would score low on ___ on a test of the Big 5 personality factors. | conscientiousness |
| The social learning perspective assumes that: | personality development is highly influenced by environmental experience |
| A ___ theorist would use a psychometric approach to understand personality development. | trait |
| When Joe looks in a mirror and identifies himself, he is demonstrating: | self-recognition |
| Categorical self develops around the age of: | two |
| An overall evaluation of your own self-worth best defines your: | self-esteem |
| Albert bandura believed that personality: | is not stage like and that behavior occurs because of situational determinants |
| Roberta believes that to have a healthy personality, we need to develop our fully functional self. She follows the ___ view of personality development. | humanistic |
| We are born with the ability to express all our emotions, but our circumstances will determine which emotions govern our behavior. | false |
| If we don't develop attachments within the first 3 years of our life, we never will. | true |
| Separation anxiety is: | normal and an important sign of attachment |
| Bethany has no problem creating attachments. There's a good chance Bethany has: | disinhibited social engagement disorder |
| An infant will begin to differentiate between contentment and discontentment around 5 months. | false |
| Without attachments, we won't develop emotions. | true |
| At birth, we have: | the emotions of content, discontent, and interest |
| Overprotection of children by parents is likely to lead to: | the failure of independence to develop normally |
| We learn self-conscious emotions around 18 months. | true |
| ___ is best defined as the process of initiating, maintaining, and altering emotions. | emotional regulation |
| According to Erikson, emotional development begins with the development of: | trust |
| As a normal two-week-old, Kate is going to be able to display all of the following emotions except: | fear |
| The consequences of a long-term separation from a primary attachment will: | depend on the age of the child |
| Emotional regulation begins with learning to control your emotions. | false |
| We only have one primary attachment at a time, but that attachment can change. | true |
| Jack feel stressed out about a new relationship. Jack's adult attachment style is most likely: | fearful |
| liked by few, disliked by many | rejected |
| neither liked nor disliked by many | neglected |
| liked and disliked by many | controversial |
| liked by some, disliked by some, some are indifferent | average |
| liked by many and disliked by few | popular |
| Most couples who live together before they get married will have a more successful marriage. | false |
| The strongest influence on who you choose as a partner is physical attractiveness. | false |
| According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, consummate love is what we should be seeking in a marriage. | true |
| Seventy percent of children who were abused as a child will be abusive toward their own children. | false |
| Which of the following statements regarding peer pressure is false? | We are more likely to feel the impact of anti-social peer pressure than pro-social peer pressure. |
| Empty love refers to loving someone who doesn't love you back. | false |
| Children who have both supportive parents in their life fare better cognitively, emotionally, and socially than those raised by only one parent. | true |
| Research on dating has shown us that dating before the age of 16 is: | going to lead to negative outcomes |
| Research on partner choice and long-term success has shown that homogamy is the most influential piece in mate selection. | true |
| Step families are more successful when both parents bring children into the family. | false |
| To ensure the best possible outcome for a child, the custodial parent needs to actively work to keep the non-custodial parent active in their child's life. | true |
| Every time Luci swears, Lou walks away from her. This strategy provides a good example of: | love withdrawal parenting |
| Coercive family environments refer to situations where family members: | are locked in power struggles |
| When considering Martin Hoffman's discipline styles, which is the most successful in promoting healthy emotion, social, and moral development? | induction |
| A child who has experienced love withdrawal as a form of discipline will most likely have: | tight/rigid morals |
| Social cognition is best defined as: | thinking about the thoughts, feelings, motives, and behaviors of self and others |
| Kathy's mom came home from work upset. Kathy believes her mom is mad at her. This is an error that occurs in the: | reciprocal perspective-taking stage |
| Piaget claimed that the limitation in moral reasoning of children under age 10 was due to their failure to: | consider the intent of an act |
| In pre-conventional moral thinking, morality is driven by: | rewards and punishments |
| According to Patterson's model, a coercive family environment: | begins with poor parental monitoring/discipline |
| Sam breaks the speed limit to get his child to the hospital. According to Kohlberg, this is due to: | post conventional morality |
| Danielle thinks it's unfair that Derek got to stay home from school. She is demonstrating the: | subjective perspective-taking stage |
| According to Robert Selman, a child who knows people don't think the same as they do but don't understand why have a: | differentiated or subjective perspective of social cognition |
| Kenny always follows the rules set by a legitimate authority. Kenny is most likely at the: | conventional level of moral development |
| In summarizing the best parenting approach to fostering moral growth in children, Hoffman suggests a blend of: | induction, occasional power assertions, and a lot of affection |
| The social learning perspective on moral development holds that moral behavior: | is situational |
Created by:
hlr2326