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Unit 3 psych
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychological disorder | a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of life |
| dsm-5 | diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, which describes the symptoms of a disorder and diagnostic guidelines |
| lifetime prevalance of experiencing a mental disorder | 45 % |
| generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, global, and persistent symptoms of anxiety |
| symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder | always worried about something; worried about past, present, future; one source of anxiety is quickly overtaken by another once resolved; aka "free floating anxiety" |
| specific phobia | an excessive, intense, and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that is actively avoided or endured with marked anxiety |
| symptoms of specific phobia | fear of a particular situation; fear of features of the natural environment; fear of injury or blood; fear of animals and insects |
| social anxiety disorder | an anxiety involving the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations |
| symptoms of social anxiety disorder | fear of being judged; aware of irrational fear, may suffer panic attacks, more in women than men |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder in which the person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks |
| symptoms of panic disorder | fear of public places; fear of having a panic attack / other embarrassing symptoms in public; isolate oneself from social situations; afraid escape won't be possible and help won't be available |
| agoraphobia | another name for panic disorder |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | a disorder characterized by intrusive, repetitive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform |
| obsessions | intrusive, repetitive, and unwanted thoughts |
| compulsions | repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform |
| post-traumatic stress disorder | a disorder triggered by extreme trauma that results in intrusive memories; avoidance of stimuli, negative changes in thoughts and emotions; a persistent and heightened state of physical arousal |
| symptoms of OCD | obsession causes great anxiety and distress; compulsions are the repetitive behavior person believes they must complete in a certain way |
| symptoms of PTSD | haunting memories and nightmares; avoid stimuli of situation; jumpy anxiety; prone to irritability / angry outbursts |
| seasonal affective disorder | repeated episodes of major depressive disorder are as predictable as the changing seasons |
| symptoms of seasonal affective disorder | usually onset in fall-winter because less sunlight; milder version of depression |
| major depressive disorder | a mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning |
| symptoms of major depressive disorder | losing interest in previously enjoyed activities; insomnia OR excessive sleeping; feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness; suicidal thoughts; lack of motivation; hard to think, concentrate, make decisions; lower appetite / significant weight loss |
| persistent depressive disorder | less severe than major depressive disorder; may develop after some stressful event or trauma |
| bipolar disorder | a mood disorder involving periods of incapacitating depressing alternating wit periods of extreme euphoria and excitement; formerly called manic depression |
| cyclothymic disorder | a disorder in which people experience moderate by frequent mood swings for two years or longer; not severe enough to be bipolar or major depressive disorder |
| personality disorder | inflexible, maladaptive, and stable patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture |
| paranoid personality disorder | pervasive but unwarranted distrust and suspiciousness; think people are out to get them |
| symptoms of PPD | pathological jealousy, constantly on guard, misinterpret other's innocent actions |
| borderline personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions; marked impulsivity |
| symptoms of BPD | experiences alternating episodes of euphoria and depression; manic episodes of high energy, inflated self confidence, flying thoughts, decreased need to sleep; crashed into depressive episodes |
| antisocial personality disorder | a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others |
| symptoms of antisocial personality disorder | usually men; lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards family and friends; extraordinary ability to lie; manipulative; no empathy; lack of anxiety; charming personality; intentionally hurt others with no remorse |
| narcissistic personality disorder | grandiose sense of self importance; distorted belief they are superior / special |
| symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder | exaggerates abilities and accomplishments; boastful and pretentious; require excessive admiration; fragile self-esteem; lack of empathy and consideration for other; envious of others and thinks others are envious of them |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss, an irrational fear of gaining weight, and distorted body self-perception |
| symptoms of anorexia nervosa | refusal to maintain normal body weight despite being dangerously underweight; extreme fear of gaining weight; has distorted body image; does not believe they have a problem - in denial |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or other methods to purge excess food and prevent weight gain |
| dissociative disorders | a category of psychological disorders in which extreme and frequent disruption of awareness, memory, and personal identity impair the ability to function |
| dissociative identity disorder | a dissociative disorder involving extreme memory disruptions for personal information along with the presence of two or more distinct identities, or "personalities", within a single person |
| symptoms of bulimia nervosa | normal - overweight; know they have a problem - not in denial; overeat but feel guilty, so self-induce vomiting / use laxatives |
| symptoms of DID | each personality has own name, history, self image; amnesia and memory problems; accompanied by self-destructive behavior and symptoms of other psychological disorders; dissociative dementia; dissociative fugue (lost sense of identity) |
| schizophrenia | a psychological disorder in which the ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes |
| positive symptoms of schizophrenia | an excess or distortion of normal functioning including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts and behavior |
| negative symptoms of schizophrenia | defects or deficits in normal functioning, including flat affect |
| catatonia | includes symptoms that reflect highly disturbed movements of actions(bizarre postures or grimaces, complete immobility, no speech / very little speech, or extremely agitated behavior |
| delusion | a false belief that persists despite compelling contradictory evidence |
| delusions of reference | reflect the person's false conviction that other people's behavior and ordinary events are somehow personally related to them |
| delusions of grandeur | involve the belief that the personal is extremely powerful, important, or wealthy |
| disorders of persecution | the basic theme is that others are plotting against or trying to harm the person or someone close to them |
| delusions of being controlled | the belief that outside forces(aliens, the government, random people) are trying to exert control on the individual |
| hallucination | a false of distorted perception that seems vividly real to the person experiencing it |
| flat affect | diminished emotional expression |
| psychotherapy | treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems through psychological techniques that promote understanding of problems and modify troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationship |
| biomedical therapies | use of medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical treatments to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders |
| psychoanalysis | a type of psychotherapy originated by Sigmund Freud in which free association and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties and internal conflict |
| resistance | the patient's conscious or unconscious attempts to block the process of revealing repressed memories and conflicts |
| interpretation | psychoanalytic technique in which the psychoanalyst offers carefully timed explanations of the patient's dreams, feelings, or behaviors to help explore unconscious conflicts or motivations |
| transference | the process by which emotions and desires associated with a significant person in the patient's life, such as a parent, are unconsciously transferred onto the psychoanalyst |
| short-term dynamic therapy | a type of psychotherapy based on psychoanalytic theory but differing in that it is time-limited, has specific goals, and involved an active, rather than neutral, role for the therapist |
| interpersonal therapy | a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy that focuses on current relationships and is based on the assumption that symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems |
| client-centered therapy | a type of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapist is nondirective and reflective and the client directs the focus of each therapy session |
| 3 qualities of the therapist | Rogers idea that a therapist must have genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding |
| geunuineness | therapist honestly and openly shares their thoughts, feelings with the client, indirectly encouraging client to exercise this capability more fully in themselves |
| unconditional positive regard | therapist must value, accept, and care for the client, whatever their problems or behavior |
| empathetic understanding | reflecting the content and personal meaning of the feelings being experienced by the client, creating psychological mirror, to help client begin to see themselves and their problems more clearly |
| behavior therapy | a type of psychotherapy developed by B.F. Skinner and John Watson that focuses on directly changing maladaptive behavior patterns by using basic learning principles and techniques (aka behavior modification) |
| classical conditioning | think pavlov's dog |
| operant conditioning | our behavior is incentivized by consequences |
| counterconditioning | a behavior therapy technique developed by Mary Jones that involves learning a new conditioned response that is incompatible with a previously learned response |
| systemic desensitization | type of behavior therapy; involves learning a new conditioned response (relaxation) that is incompatible with the old conditioned response (fear and anxiety) - progressive relaxation, construct an anxiety hierarchy, the actual process of desensitization |
| token economy | when something is achieved, receive reward |
| cognitive therapies | a group of psychotherapies based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to illogical patterns of thinking; technique focuses on recognizing and altering unhealthy thinking patterns |
| rational-emotive-behavior therapy | type of cognitive therapy that focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs |
| cognitive therapy | developed by aaron beck, focuses on changing the client's unrealistic and maladaptive beliefs |
Created by:
Merlie_k