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PSYCHE-Chapter 13
Stress, Health and Coping
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stress | A negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a persons resources or ability to cope |
| Cognitive appraisal model | This model Emphasizes role of an individuals evaluation (appraisal) of events and situations and of the resources available to deal with the event/situation. Richard Lazarus developed |
| Health psychology | The branch that studies how biological, behavioral, and social factors influence health, illness, medical treatment and health related behaviors |
| Biopsychosocial model | Belief that physical health and illness are determined by the complex interaction of biological, psychological and social factors |
| Stressors | Events or situations that are perceived as harmful, threatening or challenging |
| Daily hassles | Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people |
| Burnout | An unhealthy condition caused by chronic, prolonged work stress that is characterized by exhaustion, cynicism and a sense of failure or inadequacy |
| Acculturation | Process of changing ones values or customs as a result of contact with another culture |
| Acculturation stress | the stress that results from the pressure of adapting to a new culture |
| Fight or flight response | Rapidly occurring chain of internal physical reactions that prepare people to either fight or take flight from an immediate threat. First described by Walter cannon |
| Catecholamines | Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that cause rapid psychological arousal and include adrenaline and noradrenaline |
| Hans Selye | Found that prolonged stress activates a second endocrine pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex |
| Coritcosteroids | Hormones released by the adrenal cortex that play a key role in the body's response to long term stressors |
| General Adaptation syndrome | Hans Selye's term for 3 stage progression of physical changes that occur when an organism is exposed to intense and prolonged stress. |
| What are the three stages of long term exposure to stress (Selye) | 1. alarm 2. resistance 3. exhaustion |
| Telomeres | Repeated, duplicate DNA sequences that are found at the very tips of chromosomes and that protect the chromosomes genetic data during cell division |
| Immune system | The body system that produces specialized WBC's that protect the body from viruses, bacteria and tumor cells |
| Psychoneuroimmunology | The scientific study of the connections among psychological processes (psycho), the nervous system (neuro) and the immune system (immunology) |
| Martin Seligman | According to this dude, how people explain their failures and defeats makes the difference |
| Optimistic explanatory style | External, unstable and specific explanations for negative events |
| Pessimistic explanatory style | Internal, stable, and global explanations for negative events |
| Type A behavior pattern | A behavioral and emotional style characterized by a sense of time urgency, hostility and competitiveness |
| Social support | The resources provided by other people in times of need |
| Coping | The ways in which we try to change circumstances, or our interpretation of circumstances to make them more favorable and less threatening |
| Problem focused coping | Coping efforts primarily aimed at directly changing or managing a threatening or harmful stressor |
| Emotion-focused coping | Coping efforts primarily aimed at relieving or regulating the emotional impact of a stressful situation |
| Mindfulness Meditation | A technique in which practitioners focus awareness on present experience with acceptance |
Created by:
mmerry