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Unit-6-Chem-Test
Chemical Bonding
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ionic bonding | Transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals that forms from the attraction between positive and negative ions |
| Octet Rule | Atoms will gain or lose enough electrons to become isoelectronic with a noble gas |
| Exception to Octet Rule | Helium |
| Electron Dot Structures | A way to show the number of valence electrons in an atom from s and p blocks only |
| Crystals | 3D repeating pattern of alternating positive and negative ions, make up ionic compounds |
| Formula unit | Lowest whole number ratio of ions |
| Ionic compound properties | High melting points, conduct electricity when melted or dissolved |
| Ionic bond properties | Very strong, solids at room temperature, high melting and boiling points, conduct electricity in liquid and aqueous states |
| Aqueous | Dissolved in water |
| Empirical Formulas | Lowest whole number ratio within a molecular formula |
| Covalent bonding | A sharing of electrons between nonmetals only to reach a stable electron configuration |
| Molecules/Molecular compounds | Atoms that are covalently bonded |
| Covalent bond properties | Weaker, lower melting and boiling points, nonconductors, can be a solid liquid, or gas at room temperature |
| Molecular formula | Chemical formula for a covalently bonded group of atoms and indicates the exact makeup of one molecule |
| VSEPR - Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory | The electron pairs (both shared and unshared) in the outermost energy level try to get as far apart from each other as possible, determining the molecule's shape. |
| Linear Shape | 2 or three atoms where the central atom has no unshared pairs - straight line. |
| Bent Shape | Three atoms where the central atom can have one or two unshared pairs of electrons |
| Trigonal Planar | Four atoms where the central atom has no unshared pairs |
| Pyramid | Four atoms where the central atom has one unshared pair |
| Tetrahedral | Five atoms where the central atom has no unshared pairs |
| Trigonal Bipyramidal | Six atoms where the central atom has no unshared pairs |
| Polar Bond | Bonds where electrons are shared unequally between atoms, like when atoms are different |
| Atoms that pull electrons to themselves | Atoms that are most electronegative |
| Non-polar bond | Electrons are shared equally between atoms, like when atoms are the same |
| Molecules will always be polar when | There are different atoms around a central atom |
| Molecules will always be non-polar when | There are the same atoms around a central atom |
| A single covalent bond consists of | 2 electrons |
Created by:
ClimbingBird
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