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Chapter 5 WH Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Knossos | city in ancient Crete, the center of Minoan civilization that dominated the Aegean between 1600 BC and 1400 BC |
| Trojan War | military conflict around 1250 BC between Mycenae and Troy, a rich trading city in present-day Turkey, described in Homer’s epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Homer | author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| polis | city-state in ancient Greece |
| acropolis | highest and most fortified point within a Greek city-state |
| citizen | a native or resident of a town or city |
| monarchy | government in which a king or queen exercises central power |
| aristocracy | government headed by a privileged minority or upper class |
| oligarchy | government in which ruling power belongs to a few people |
| phalanx | in ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers |
| Sparta | city-state in ancient Greece settled by the Dorians and built as a military state |
| Athens | city-state in ancient Greece that envolved from a monarchy to a limited direct democracy and became famous for its great cultural achievements |
| Democracy | government in which the people hold ruling power |
| tyrant | in ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force |
| legislature | lawmaking body |
| alliance | formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense |
| Pericles | an Athenian statesman in the 400s BC who led Athens during its golden age of cultural achievement under democratic government |
| stipend | a fixed salary given to public office holders |
| direct democracy | system of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives |
| jury | group of people with authority to make a decision in a legal. case |
| ostracism | practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy |
| philosopher | someone who seeks to understand and explain life; a person who studies philosophy |
| Socrates | an Athenian stonemason and philosopher who sought truth by questioning, as described in dialogues written by Plato |
| Plato | a student of Socrates, was an Athenian thinker, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens |
| Aristotle | a student of Plato, was a philosopher, writer about many branches of knowledge, founder of the Lyceum, and tutor of Alexander the Great |
| tragedy | in ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster |
| comedy | in ancient Greece, play that mocked people or social customs |
| Herodotus | often called the “Father of History” traveled widely throughout the ancient Mediterranean world, collecting information for his chronicles of past events. including the Persian wars. In his writings, he noted bias and conflicting accounts in his sources |
| Alexander The Great | Philips II’s son and Aristotle’s pupil, at age 20 became heir to Philip’s territories. He conquered the Persian empire, founding new cities as his armies won victories in Asia Minor, Palestine, and Egypt, and then captured Babylon. |
| Philip II | restored internal peace to Macedonia, built an effective army, and then formed alliances with many Greek city-states or conquered them. After defeating the united forces of Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea, all of Greece came under his control. |
| assassination | murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons |
| assimilate | absorb or adopt another culture |
| Alexandria | founded in 332 BC by Alexander the Great, became one if the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world. Located in Egypt on the sea lanes between Europe and Asia, Alexandria became known for its size, great markets, huge Pharos lighthouse, and the Museum. |
| heliocentric | based on the belief that the sun us the center of the universe |
| Archimedes | a famous Hellenistic mathematician and inventor from Syracuse, is known for understanding the principle of levers, discovering the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere |
| Hippocrates | a Greek physician traditionally regarded as the father of medicine, who studied the causes of illnesses, seeking their cures |
| Crete | located in the Aegean Sea, their leader was Minos, called the Minonans which was the first european civilization |
| Minoans | first european civilization, lead by Minos |
| Mycenaeans | Sea traders, first civilization to speak Greek |
| Legend of Troy | Trojan war: Troy vs Mycenae |
| Iliad | book written by Homer about the Trojan War, Greek warrior is Achilles, major theme is anger |
| Odyssey | book written by Homer, about Odysseus who was a Greek hero, about his journey home to his wife, Penelope, after the fall of troy |
| Peloponnesus War | ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world |
| Greek Views of City States | Seas and Mountains |
| Phalanx | massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers |
| Solon | Athenian leader who appointed archon in 594 BC, he outlawed slavery, opened high offices it more citizens |
| Archon | A chief magistrate of ancient Athens |
| Cleisthenes | Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing in 508 BC |
| Limited Democracy | in Athens only citizens could participate in the government |
| Oracles | priests of priestesses through whom gods were thought to speak |
| Olympic Games | In the Valley of Olympia every four years, one day festival, only men, after it is a five day festival, running, jumping, shot put, discus throwing, javelin, boxing and chariot races |
| Barbaroi | what Greeks called non-Greeks |
| Battle of Marathon | battle between Athens and Persians, Athenians won |
| Battle of Thermopylae | battle between Greeks and Persians, Greeks were outnumbered by many thousand, the Greeks hold up for 3 days until their death |
| Battle of Persia | battle between the Greeks and Persians and the Greeks won, which made the Persians leave Greece |
| Peloponnesian Wars | between Athens and Sparta, Athens had a disadvantage, Sparta surrounded Athens, Pericles died from the plague in this war, Sparta alianged with Persia and won |
| Socratic Method | taught by asking questions |
| The Republic | the Ideal society |
| Pottery | only Greek paintings to survive, images of everyday life |
| Battle of Chaeronea | was fought in 338 BC, near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia, between Macedonia under Philip II and an alliance of city-states led by Athens and Thebes |
| Philip II’s death | murdered at his daughters wedding |
| Conquer of Persian Empire | Alexander The Great took this town, in 334 BC |
| Alexander The Great’s death | he died from typhoid fever |
| Hellenistic | Greek-like |
Created by:
Cpankratz