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Energy, Work & Power
Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Energy | capacity for doing work; ex: kinetic, gravitational potential, thermal, chemical, etc. |
Kinetic Energy | energy due to the motion of an object and its mass |
Gravitational Potential Energy | energy due to the height of an object off the ground and its mass |
Thermal Energy | heat through friction |
Chemical Energy | energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds |
Energy Transformation | changing of one form of energy to another |
Mechanical Energy | sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energy (a.k.a. total energy) |
Conservation of Energy | energy can be transformed, but not created or destroyed; total energy in the universe and in a closed system is conserved |
System | object, or collection of objects, that is being studied |
Closed System | does not interact with the environment and has no outside forces affecting its energy |
Open System | interacts with the environment and has external forces affecting its energy |
Internal Forces | exchanged by the objects in a system |
External Forces | caused by an external agent/object outside of a system |
Work | causes energy to either enter or leave an open system by forces acting over a distance |
Work-Energy Theorem | states that the work done equals the change in an object's total energy |
Power | amount of energy transferred or transformed per unit of time |
Potential Energy | stored energy |
Magnitude | size or quantity (number) |