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chapter 5 evoltion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| species richness | the number of species in a each area |
| species evenness | whether a particular ecosystem is numerically dominated by one species or whether all of it's species have similar abundances |
| Shannon Index | diverse index that considers both abundance and evenness of species |
| evolution | Change in genes composition over time |
| genes | physical locations on chromosomes within each cell of an organism |
| Genome | complete set of genes in an individual |
| mutation | a random change in the genetic code |
| evolution by artificial selection | when humans determine which individuals to breed |
| gene flow | change due to migration |
| bottleneck effect | a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in it's size |
| founder effect | a change in a population descended from a small number of colonizing individuals |
| allopatric speciation | new species are created in a geographic or reproductive isolations |
| sympatric speciation | a new species forms due to polyploidy |
| range of tolerance | limits to the abiotic(temp,PH,oxgyen) conditions |
| fundamental niche | the ideal conditions for a species |
| relized niche | dertimes the species distribution or areas whreer it lives |
| niche specialists | a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat |
| Fossil | remains of organisms that have been preserved in rock |
| mass extinction | large numbers of species went extinct over a short period of time |
| ecosystem diversity | the variety of ecosystems within a region |
| species diversity | Variety of species within a given ecosystem |
| genetic diversity | Variety of genes within a given species |
| population growth rate | numer of offdpring an individual can produce in a given time minus the death of any offspring |
| population size | total number of individuals |
| population | density |
| population distribution | how individuals occupy the space |
| Density- dependant factors | bigger chance of death as the density increases |
| limiting reasoures | population can't live without these resources |
| Density-independent factors | individuals have an equal chance of death |
| Metapopulations | spatially distinct but connected by corridors |
| competion | shared limited resource |
| paramecium | one celled |
| competitive exclusion principle | 2 species with same relized niche can't co exsist |
| predation | kills+ eats prey |
| Herbivory | animals eat plants |
| parasitoids | lay eggs on or in another animal or plant |
| Adaptations | camoflage, mimicry |
| keystone species | plays an important role is a small population |
| primary succession | predictable replacement of one species by another |
| secondary seccession | has soil |
| pioneer species | first plants r- selected |
| climax community | bioome k- selected |
| factors that determine a species richness | latitude and time |
Created by:
ann.torkornoo