Question 1

a diagram showing the many feeding relationships that are in an ecosystem

Accepted Answer

food web

Question 2

the process in which energy
from the sun is used by plants to
make sugar molecules (sunlight, carbon dioxide, water make carbohydrates and oxygen)

Accepted Answer

photosynthesis

Question 3

illustrates the loss of energy
from one trophic level to the next

Accepted Answer

energy pyramid

Question 4

organisms that get their energy
by eating other organisms

Accepted Answer

consumers

Question 5

stored carbon from the remains
of plants and animals that died millions of years ago

Accepted Answer

fossil fuels

Question 6

organisms that make their own food

Accepted Answer

producers

Question 7

a type of secondary succession that occurs on an abandoned farm when a farmer stops cultivating a field, grasses and
weeds quickly grow and cover the abandoned land.

Accepted Answer

old-field succession

Question 8

a part of the carbon cycle

Accepted Answer

atmospheric CO2

Question 9

results from excessive use of fertilizers

Accepted Answer

algal bloom

Question 10

organisms that transform atmosphereic nitrogen into usable nitrogen compounds

Accepted Answer

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 11

part of the nitrogen cycle

Accepted Answer

atmospheric N2

Question 12

transfer of energy from one organism to another

Accepted Answer

food chain

Question 13

What are the first
organisms to colonize any
newly available area
called?

Accepted Answer

pioneer species

Question 14

Which of the following is
a producer that breaks
down rock?

Accepted Answer

lichen

Question 15

Humans are affecting the
balance of the carbon
cycle by

Accepted Answer

burning fossil fuels

Question 16

What is a pattern of
change that occurs on a
surface where an
ecosystem has previously
existed?

Accepted Answer

secondary succession

Question 17

What do deep-ocean
bacteria use to make their
food?

Accepted Answer

hydrogen sulfide

Question 18

Which of the following is

an herbivore?
a. cow
b. lion
c. bear
d. grass

Accepted Answer

cow

Question 19

Which of the following is

a producer?
a. oak tree
b. raccoon
c. cockroach
d. human

Accepted Answer

oak tree

Question 20

Which of the following is
a process in the cell where
by glucose and oxygen
produce carbon dioxide,
water, and energy?
a. photosynthesis
b. cellular respiration
c. synthesis
d. decomposition

Accepted Answer

cellular respiration

Question 21

Which of the following
organisms would be found
at the top of an energy
pyramid?
a. alga
b. krill
c. leopard seal
d. killer whale

Accepted Answer

killer whale

Question 22

Humans usually get the
phosphorus that their
bodies need from

Accepted Answer

eating plants and
animals that contain
phosphorus.

Question 23

Producers are also called ________, or self-feeders.

Accepted Answer

autotrophs

Question 24

Consumers are also called _________, or
other-feeders.

Accepted Answer

heterotrophs

Question 25

What do herbivores eat?

Accepted Answer

producers

Question 26

What do carnivores eat

Accepted Answer

other consumers

Question 27

What do omnivores eat?

Accepted Answer

producers and consumers

Question 28

Where do decomposers get their energy?

Accepted Answer

breaking down organic matter from dead organisms

Question 29

The process of breaking down carbohydrates to yield
energy is called

Accepted Answer

cellular respiration

Question 30

Excess energy is stored as

Accepted Answer

fat or sugar

Question 31

one of the steps in a food chain or
food pyramid; examples include producers and primary,
secondary, and tertiary consumers.

Accepted Answer

trophic level

Question 32

Each time energy is transferred, some of the energy is
lost as energy in the form of ____; Therefore, less _____ is available to organisms at
higher trophic levels.

Accepted Answer

heat; energy

Question 33

How does the energy pyramid work?

Accepted Answer

Producers form the base of energy pyramid & contain the most energy; pyramid becomes smaller toward top, where less energy is available

Question 34

the movement of carbon from the
nonliving environment into living things and back to the
environment.

Accepted Answer

carbon cycle

Question 35

Carbon is the essential component of  ____, ____, and _______which make up all organisms.

Accepted Answer

proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates,

Question 36

Carbon molecules may form deposits of coal, oil, or
natural gas, which are known as

Accepted Answer

fossil fuels

Question 37

Increased levels of carbon dioxide contribute to _____ _____.

Accepted Answer

climate
change.

Question 38

the process in which nitrogen
circulates among the air, soil, water, plants, and animals
in an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

nitrogen cycle

Question 39

All organisms need nitrogen to build______, which are
used to build new cells.

Accepted Answer

proteins

Question 40

________ makes up 78 percent of the gases in the
atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Question 41

Where do nitrogen-fixing bacteria live?

Accepted Answer

in nodules on roots of plants called legumes, which include beans, peas, & clover.  The bacteria use sugar provided by the legumes to produce nitrogen containing compounds such as nitrates. Excess nitrogen fixed by the bacteria is released into the soil.

Question 42

cyclic movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment.

Accepted Answer

Phosphorous Cycle

Question 43

Plants get the phosphorus they need from ____ & _____,
while animals get their phosphorus by _____ plants or
other animals that have eaten plants.

Accepted Answer

soil and water; eating

Question 44

Excess nitrogen and phosphorus can cause rapid growth
of _____.

Accepted Answer

algae

Question 45

Why is excess algae bad?

Accepted Answer

It chokes the oxygen out of the water, which fish and other living organisms depend on.

Question 46

a gradual process of change
and replacement of the types of species in a community.

Each new community that arises often makes it harder
for the previous community to survive.

Accepted Answer

ecological succession

Question 47

a type of succession that occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before. It begins in an area that previously did not support life (ex. new islands, areas exposed when glaciers retreat);  much slower than secondary succession.

Accepted Answer

primary succession

Question 48

a species that colonizes an
uninhabited area and that starts an ecological cycle in
which many other species become established.

Accepted Answer

pioneer species

Question 49

occurs on a surface where an ecosystem previously existed;  one community replaces another community that's been destroyed. (ex. ecosystems that have been disturbed/disrupted by humans, animals, or by natural process (floods, storms, etc.)

Accepted Answer

secondary succession

Question 50

the final, stable community in
equilibrium with the environment.

Accepted Answer

climax community

Question 51

How can forest fires be beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Minor forest fires remove accumulations of brush that would otherwise contribute to major fires that burn out of control. Some animal species depend on occasional fires because the feed on the vegetation that sprouts after a fire has cleared the land.

Question	Answer
a diagram showing the many feeding relationships that are in an ecosystem	food web
the process in which energy from the sun is used by plants to make sugar molecules (sunlight, carbon dioxide, water make carbohydrates and oxygen)	photosynthesis
illustrates the loss of energy from one trophic level to the next	energy pyramid
organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms	consumers
stored carbon from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago	fossil fuels
organisms that make their own food	producers
a type of secondary succession that occurs on an abandoned farm when a farmer stops cultivating a field, grasses and weeds quickly grow and cover the abandoned land.	old-field succession
a part of the carbon cycle	atmospheric CO2
results from excessive use of fertilizers	algal bloom
organisms that transform atmosphereic nitrogen into usable nitrogen compounds	nitrogen-fixing bacteria
part of the nitrogen cycle	atmospheric N2
transfer of energy from one organism to another	food chain
What are the first organisms to colonize any newly available area called?	pioneer species
Which of the following is a producer that breaks down rock?	lichen
Humans are affecting the balance of the carbon cycle by	burning fossil fuels
What is a pattern of change that occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has previously existed?	secondary succession
What do deep-ocean bacteria use to make their food?	hydrogen sulfide
Which of the following is an herbivore? a. cow b. lion c. bear d. grass	cow
Which of the following is a producer? a. oak tree b. raccoon c. cockroach d. human	oak tree
Which of the following is a process in the cell where by glucose and oxygen produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy? a. photosynthesis b. cellular respiration c. synthesis d. decomposition	cellular respiration
Which of the following organisms would be found at the top of an energy pyramid? a. alga b. krill c. leopard seal d. killer whale	killer whale
Humans usually get the phosphorus that their bodies need from	eating plants and animals that contain phosphorus.
Producers are also called ________, or self-feeders.	autotrophs
Consumers are also called _________, or other-feeders.	heterotrophs
What do herbivores eat?	producers
What do carnivores eat	other consumers
What do omnivores eat?	producers and consumers
Where do decomposers get their energy?	breaking down organic matter from dead organisms
The process of breaking down carbohydrates to yield energy is called	cellular respiration
Excess energy is stored as	fat or sugar
one of the steps in a food chain or food pyramid; examples include producers and primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.	trophic level
Each time energy is transferred, some of the energy is lost as energy in the form of ____; Therefore, less _____ is available to organisms at higher trophic levels.	heat; energy
How does the energy pyramid work?	Producers form the base of energy pyramid & contain the most energy; pyramid becomes smaller toward top, where less energy is available
the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back to the environment.	carbon cycle
Carbon is the essential component of ____, ____, and _______which make up all organisms.	proteins, fats, and carbohydrates,
Carbon molecules may form deposits of coal, oil, or natural gas, which are known as	fossil fuels
Increased levels of carbon dioxide contribute to _____ _____.	climate change.
the process in which nitrogen circulates among the air, soil, water, plants, and animals in an ecosystem.	nitrogen cycle
All organisms need nitrogen to build______, which are used to build new cells.	proteins
________ makes up 78 percent of the gases in the atmosphere.	Nitrogen
Where do nitrogen-fixing bacteria live?	in nodules on roots of plants called legumes, which include beans, peas, & clover. The bacteria use sugar provided by the legumes to produce nitrogen containing compounds such as nitrates. Excess nitrogen fixed by the bacteria is released into the soil.
cyclic movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment.	Phosphorous Cycle
Plants get the phosphorus they need from ____ & _____, while animals get their phosphorus by _____ plants or other animals that have eaten plants.	soil and water; eating
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus can cause rapid growth of _____.	algae
Why is excess algae bad?	It chokes the oxygen out of the water, which fish and other living organisms depend on.
a gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community. Each new community that arises often makes it harder for the previous community to survive.	ecological succession
a type of succession that occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before. It begins in an area that previously did not support life (ex. new islands, areas exposed when glaciers retreat); much slower than secondary succession.	primary succession
a species that colonizes an uninhabited area and that starts an ecological cycle in which many other species become established.	pioneer species
occurs on a surface where an ecosystem previously existed; one community replaces another community that's been destroyed. (ex. ecosystems that have been disturbed/disrupted by humans, animals, or by natural process (floods, storms, etc.)	secondary succession
the final, stable community in equilibrium with the environment.	climax community
How can forest fires be beneficial?	Minor forest fires remove accumulations of brush that would otherwise contribute to major fires that burn out of control. Some animal species depend on occasional fires because the feed on the vegetation that sprouts after a fire has cleared the land.

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Env Sci Ch 5 Test