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102.14 Hair Theory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trichology | technical name for the study of hair |
| main purposes of hair | protection from heat, cold, and injury |
| the shape of the follicle will determine the | shape of the hair shaft |
| two primary parts of the hair | hair root and hair fiber |
| hair root | portion of hair inside the hair follicle under the skin's surface |
| hair fiber | portion of hair that extends above skin's surface |
| papilla | filled with capillaries that supply nourishment to cells around it |
| germinal matrix cells | undergo cell division produce cells that ultimately keratinize and form the three layers of hair |
| hair pulled out from the roots will grow again unless | the papilla is destroyed |
| 3 major layers of hair | 1. cuticle 2. cortex 3. merdulla |
| cuticle | outer covering of the hair shaft |
| cortex | second layer with unique protein structures |
| merdulla | central core of the hair shaft |
| sebaceous oil glands | produce sebum to prevent hair and skin from becoming too dry |
| sebum oil | mixes with perspiration to form the acid mantle |
| acid mantle | protects the cuticle of hair fiber and maintains the natural pH of the hair and skin |
| arrector pili muscle | causes hair to stand on end when a person is scared or cold |
| keratinization | process of cells changing shape, drying out, and forming keratin protein |
| hair is primarily made up of | protein |
| amino acids coil around each other to become protein chains that form the | cortex |
| twisting gives hair ability to | stretch |
| 3 stages of hair growth | 1. anagen 2. catagen 3. telogen |
| anagen | active growing attached root sheath |
| catagen | brief transitional cell division stops |
| telogen | resting no attached root sheath |
| hair growth can be affected by | illness lack of vitamins and minerals disease medication |
| 3 factors affecting the behavior of hair | Hereditary environment products or appliances |
| hereditary | determines hair structure, color, shape, and diameter |
| enviornment | affects absorption of moisture from the air |
| products or appliances | affect structural organization of hair |
| cuticle | hair, reistant, coar |
| cortex | soft, elastic, fine |
| higher cuticle/cortex ratio | more resistant |
| lower cuticle/cortex ratio | easily molded |
| melanocytes produce melanosomes which contain the pigment | melanin |
| two types of melanin | eumelanin and pheomelanin |
| eumelanin | brown/black |
| pheomelanin | red/yellow |
| melanins influence the resulting hair colors by | the amount, size, and distribution |
| albinism | total lack of pigmentation in the hair and skin |
| gray hair | reduced melanin in cortex referred to as mottled hair grows from papilla with gray color results usually from natural aging can be caused by serious illnesses, emotional conditions, and heredity |
| melanin in the skin | protects both skin and hair from sun's damaging rays sent to surface to protect the skin's sensitive cells, resulting in a "suntan" |
| when looking through a microscope, which portion of the hair would display living cells? | hair bulb |
| hair grows from a tube-like "pocket" called a root sheath or | follicle |
| the follicle in straight hair is typically | round |
| the hair follicle that produces tightly curled hair is typically | elliptical |
| located on the bottom of the follicle and supplying nourishment to the germinal matrix is the | papilla |
| the outer covering of the hair shaft made up of overlapping layers of transparent scales is called the | cuticle |
| the layer of hair consisting of unique protein structures that give the hair most of its pigment and strength is called the | cortex |
| hair that has been pulled out from the roots will grow back under which of the following circumstances | the papilla has not been destroyed |
| what helps prevent the hair and skin from becoming too dry | sebum |
| what is formed when sebum produced by the oil glands mixes with the body's perspiration | acid mantle |
| the muscle that causes the hair to stand on end when a person is scared or cold is known as the | arrector pili |
| which of the following terms is known as the active growing stage of hair | anagen stage |
| catagen, a brief transitional stage, lasts for what amount of time | only a few weeks |
| the resting stage of hair growth when the hair bulb has no attached root sheath Is referred to as the | telogen stage |
| the lips, soles of the feet, palms of the hands, and eyelids do not have | hair |
| hair that is 90% cortex and 10% cuticle when compared to hair that is 40% cuticle would be considered to be | more elastic |
| what is the total lack of pigmentation in the hair and skin called | albinism |
| gray hair is caused by a | reduced color pigment, melanin, in the cortex layer of the hair |
| eumelanin is the type of melanin that produces | brown/black hair color |
| people with lighter colored hair have melanin in the | cortex only |
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kaeleikirk