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Physics Ch. 2

Matter

TermDefinition
Physics Study of matter
Matter Anything that has mass/inertia and takes up space
Inertia Property of matter that resists change or movement
Issac Newton Discovered gravity and laws of motion
Mass How much matter something has
Weight how much gravity pulls on something
Density mass / volume
Specific gravity sample density / standard density
Molecule Chemical combination of 2 or more atoms
Compound Molecules that form different elements
Mixture physical combination of 2 or more substances
Solid Low energy particles packed together, definite shape and volume
Liquid More energy than solids, indefinite shape, definite volume, takes shape of container
Gas High energy particles that have total freedom of movement, indefinite shape and volume
Plasma Most abundant gas in the universe, highly ionized gas that has many positive ions and electrons
Proton particle with a positive charge, determines atomic number
Neutron particle that has a neutral charge
Electron negatively charged particle that travels around the nucleus
Period Rows of elements that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
Density mass/volume
Energy E=mc2 (mass x the speed of light squared)
Albert Einstein Discovered formula relating mass and energy
Hadron Any substance believed to have quarks
Baryon has 3 quarks
Antimatter particles such as the positron, the antiproton, and the antineutron
Annihilation when a positron and electron collide and convert their combined masses into a form of energy (when any particle collides with its respective antiparticle)
Alpha decay when a nucleus emits a high
Beta decay when a neutron’s down quark changes into an up quark, changing the neutron into a proton and forcing the emission of an electron
Half life Time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay into something else
Created by: 1763
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