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Quality Midterm 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chance cause is usually due to natural variation in the process, also known as what? | Common cause variation |
| Assignable cause variation, that usually requires further investigation as to it's origin, is also known as what? | Special cause variation |
| If the quality characteristic can be measured on a continuous scale of measurement, it is usually analyzed on what type of control chart? | Variables |
| Upper and lower control limits for a control chart are customarily what? | + / - 3 sigma |
| A control chart will detect what type out-of-control cause | Assignable cause |
| In addition to Control Limits, limits are sometimes added at + / - 2 sigma known as what? | Warning Limits |
| The zone rules developed for control charts that suggest concluding the process is out-of-control are also known as what? | Western Electric Rules |
| What are the magnificent seven major SPC problem solving tools? | 1. Histogram or stem-and-leaf plot 2. Check sheet 3. Pareto Chart 4. Cause-and-effect diagram 5. Defect concentration diagram 6. Scatter diagram 7. Control chart |
| The magnificent seven major SPC problem solving tools do not include? A. Common Cause Diagram B. Histogram or stem-and-leaf plot C. Pareto Chart D. Control Chart E. Cause-and-effect Diagram | A. Common Cause Diagram |
| A phase I control chart analyzes data using trial control limits to see if the limits are reliable in monitoring future production. A phase II control chart starts when the process is what? | In- Control |
| Recognizing patterns is a process of what looking for what? | Systematic or nonrandom patterns |
| Control charts used to examine quality characteristics expressed as numerical measurements are called what? | Variables Control Charts |
| When evaluating numerical variables, control of the process average or mean quality is usually monitored with what chart? | Xbar Chart |
| For numerical variables, process variability may be monitored with a control chart for standard deviation or the more widely used what? | R chart |
| What value should be used as the centerline of the xbar chart | Xbarbar |
| The X-bar charts computes control limits using an estimate of sigma based on the Range Average; SigmaHat = Rbar/constant, where the Constant varies by the number of observations and is looked up in the Appendix; that constant is what? | d2 SigmaHat = Rbar/d2 |
| The Process Capability Ratio Cp, which for quality characteristic with both upper and lower specification limits are provided, is defined as Cp = (USL-LSL)/Denominator, what is the Denominator? | 6 sigma |
| A control chart can indicate as out-of-control condition even though no single point is outside of control limits. T or F. | True |
| Control limits on the Xbar and R chart are driven by the natural variability of the process, also known as what? | Natural Tolerance Limits of the Process |
| If the Xbar chart is being used to detect moderate to large process shifts- say on the order of 2sigma- then what sample size is reasonable effective? | n= 4,5, or 6 |
| If both the Xbar and R charts show non-random patterns, the best strategy is to eliminate assignable cause first from where? | R chart |
| The ratio of the number of nonconforming items in a population to the total number of items in that population is what? | Fraction Nonconforming |
| The control chart for the fraction nonconforming is called what? | p Chart |
| Quality characteristics classifying the product as conforming or nonconforming are what type? | Attributes |
| The control chart for number of defects or nonconformities is what? | np Chart |
| A control chart for nonconformities per unit is what? | u Chart |
| The statistical principles underlying the control chart for fraction nonconforming are based on what distribution? | Binomial |
| Attributes charts are generally more informative than variables charts because there is more information classifying a unit as conforming or nonconforming. T or F. | False Attributes charts are generally not as informative as variables charts because there is typically more information in a numerical measurement than in merely classifying a unit as conforming or nonconforming. |
| When presenting control charts to production personnel or management, the percentage conforming is often used instead of the fraction, because the percentage has more intuitive appeal. T or F. | True |
| When a control chart indicates an out-of-control performance, an Out-of-Control Action Plan (OCAP) must accompany the control chart. Which one of the following is not one of the charts typically used as part of the OCAP? | A. Cause and Effect Diagram B. Pareto Chart C. Flow Diagram D. Bubble Chart ANSWER: D |
| The control chart for defects or nonconformities is? | c Chart |
| The Cpk is equal to what? | One-sided PCR test for the spec limit |
| The general activity of analyzing the variability relative to product requirements or specifications, and using metrics to assisting in reducing variability, is known as what? | Process Capability Analysis |
| In evaluating a product quality characteristic process capability, what spread is customarily used? | Six Sigma |
| The primary techniques used in process capability analysis do not include? A. Designed Experiments B. Histograms or Probability Plots C. Root Cause Analysis D. Control Charts | C. Root Cause Analysis |
| When we only have samples of the product available, we can still conduct a complete process capability analysis. T or F. | False |
| What is the advantage of using the histogram to to estimate process capability? | Immediate Visual Impression |
| In practical application when calculating the Cp value the Sigma of the population is unknown. To estimate Sigma for calculating Cp we use what? | Rbar/d2 or s |
| The percentage of specification band used up by the process is calculated as what? | (1/Cp) x 100% |
| Many quality-engineering authorities strongly recommend routine use of the ratios Cp and Cpk because they capture the complete complex process. T or F. | False |
| We often say that Cp captures the potential capability in the process, wheras Cpk takes into account centering and is a measure of what? | Actual capability |
Created by:
jennyfer.mendoza