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Unit 3
It is used to study for the Unit 3 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ad hominem | a rhetorical fallacy in which the intent is to attack the character or circumstance of the position of distract from the argument. |
| annotating | marking a text with notes and/or comments |
| appeal | in rhetoric, the means of persuasion in an argument. |
| argumentative text | a text in which the writer develops and defends a position or debates a topic using logic and persuasion |
| audience | the intended group for a message, regardless of the medium. |
| author's purpose | the reason an author writes about a particular topic. |
| Bias | a particular inclination or opinion about a subject that is often preconceived or unreasoned . |
| citation | a reference to the authors work in a shortened in-text |
| claim | an assertion, position, or arguable thesis about a topic or issue |
| concession | a technique used in argumentation wherein a writer/speaker acknowledges a point made by the opposition in order to establish understanding of the issue from various angles and enhance credibility |
| context | the words, sentences, or passages that precede or follow a specific word |
| counterargument | a viewpoint that opposes an author’s thesis or claim; addressing and rebutting counterarguments are essential in persuasive writing and speaking |
| credibility | the quality of having reliable and trustworthy characteristics which may be influenced by an author having expertise on a topic, using unbiased |
| Diction | word choice that may be determined by the writer or speaker’s style, purpose, and need to communicate accurately, appropriately, and understandably to a specific audience expression |
| drawing conclusion | a form of inference in which the reader gathers information, considers the general thoughts or ideas that emerge from the information and comes to a decision; the conclusion is generally based on more than one piece of information. |
| emotional appeals/pathos | — a method of persuasion that's designed to create an emotional response in the reader/viewer by connecting to the audience’s values, needs, and sensibilities |
| ethical appeal/pathos | — a method of persuasion that is based on the writer or speaker’s credibility to discuss a subject and is influenced by expertise, knowledge, experience, training, credentials, use of logical and emotional appeals, etc. |
| evidence | specific details or facts that support an inference or idea |
| genre | — the type or class of a work, usually categorized by form, technique, or content |
| graphic features | — picture or other image within a text |
| incorrect premise | a faulty idea that is used as the foundation of an argument (e.g. If the road is wet, then it has rained recently.) |
| inference | a logical guess made by connecting bits of information |
| informational text | text that presents information in order to inform or educate an audience |
| key ideas | — important ideas throughout a work that support the central message, theme, tone, etc. |
| loaded language fallacy | a term or phrase that has strong emotional overtones and that is meant to evoke strong reactions beyond the specific meaning (e.g., tax relief instead of tax cut, or death tax instead of estate tax) |
| logical fallacy | — an incorrect or problematic argument that is not based on sound reasoning |
| multimodal text | the strategic integration of two or more modes of communication to create meaning, including written and spoken texts, images, gestures, music, digital texts and media, and live performances |
| overstatment | an exaggerated statement |
| paraphrase | restate the meaning of something in different words. Paraphrasing alters the exact wording of the source and transmits its ideas or information without evaluation or interpretation. |
| plagiarize | to present the ideas or words of another as one’s own without crediting the source |
| rebuttal | — the attempt to disprove, contradict, or argue against an opposing viewpoint |
| red herring fallacy | — a logical fallacy that misleads or distracts the readers’ attention from the original topic with irrelevant information |
| reliable source | — a credible or believable source. Some questions to evaluate credibility might be: Is the author a respected authority on the subject? Does the author support opinions with strong argumentation and reasoning? How current is the information? |
| rhetorical | — a close examination and interpretation of a non-fiction (usually argumentative) work that analyzes how the author uses language, devices, |
| rhetorical situation | the context and set of circumstances surrounding a writer or speaker’s attempt to persuade and includes the speaker, audience, topic, and occasion |
| research plan | — a timeline created around the research process that identifies the initial steps needed to find accurate, significant, and relevant sources to support the topic |
| rhetorical devices | a technique that an author or speaker uses to influence or persuade an audience |
| slippery slope fallacy | a logical fallacy that erroneously suggests one action will automatically lead to a chain of disastrous or undesirable action(s)/event(s) |
| strawman fallacy | — a logical fallacy that involves intentionally misrepresenting an opponent’s position or claim with a more easily refutable position and may involve oversimplifying, omitting, or distorting details |
| style guide | a set of standards for writing that enforces consistency in document formatting and correctness in English conventions in order to improve communication |
| summarize | to reduce large sections of text to their essential points and main idea. Note: It is still important to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. |
| syntax | — the arrangement and sequence of words in sentences, clauses, and phrases |
| synthesize | — to combine elements and parts to form a coherent whole |
| text evidence | paraphrased or directly quoted detail(s) from a text that supports a reader’s claim, thought, inference, or analysis about the text |
| text structure | — the way or pattern in which an author organizes ideas within a text |
| thesis | a statement or premise supported by arguments |
| tone | the author’s particular attitude, either stated or implied in writing |
| topic | a specific subject, idea, or issue that is the focus of a discussion, essay, article, or other work |
| understatement | a rhetorical technique, often incorporating irony or humor, in which something is represented as less than it actually is |
| Logical/Appeal/logos | a method of persuasion that is based on the writer or speaker appealing to the audience’s sense of intelligence and logic by using facts, statistics, research, historical evidence, etc. to support a legitimate, rational, and well-reasoned argument |
| Annotated Bibliography | a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. |
Created by:
jared.rosas