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#9B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.) Identify and describe Solon? What position was he given in 594 B.C.? What specific reforms or changes did he make? What is the modern meaning of the word Solon? | Solon was a chief appointed official called an archon. He outlawed debt slavery and freed debt slaves Granted citizenship to foreigners Allowed more citizens into high office Solon means lawyer |
| 2.) What were some of the economic reforms of Solon? Despite all of Solon’s reforms, what issues continued to create discontent amongst a large portion of the residents of Athens? | Export of wine and olive oil. Limited citizenship and positions taken by wealthy landowner |
| How did Greek tyrants come to power? What groups supported them? What actions did they take? What is the derivation of this term? What is the modern meaning of this word? Why did it change? | They were supported by the merchant class and the poor Gave poor loans and land from the rich new building projects and grater for the poor Derivation=illegitimate ruler (tyrannus) Modern meaning=vicious and brutal ruler |
| 3.) Identify and describe the term tyrant. | tyrant=person that takes power by force |
| 4.) What were the reforms of the Athenian tyrant Pisistratus? What was the impact of his reforms on the aristocracy? | He weakened the aristocracy by giving farmers loans and land. He created new building projects that gave greater voice to the poor |
| 6.) Who is considered the founder of Athenian Democracy? Why? What were the specific reforms of this leader? | Cleisthenes was founder of democracy Council of 500 Legislature for debate- all male citizens over 30 Equal participation |
| 7.) Define the term legislature. What were the qualifications required to be a part of the Athenian legislature, the Assembly? | Legislature is a lawmaking body that debates all laws to approve or reject All males over 30 |
| 8.) How did Cleisthenes expand the concept of equal participation for Athens? | It was for all citizens (males over 30) not just for the aristocracy. |
| 9.) Why does your text state that Athenian democracy was limited, by today’s standards? What were these limitations? | Only land owning men over 30 could be citizens. No younger people and no women. |
| 10.) What other specific groups were not allowed to participate in Athenian democracy? Define metics. | Women, merchants, people whose parents were not citizens, and slaves were excluded. Metic=a foreigner with some rights of a citizen |
| 11.) Despite its limitations, why is Athenian democracy considered to be an important development in Western Civilization? | Athenians began to be governed by the people as we practice democracy today. |
| 12.) What was a common domestic occupation of Athenian women? What did Aristotle say on this subject? What was the general opinion of Athenian men on this subject? | Women worked with their husbands, carried water and did laundry as well as tending sheep, spinning and weaving or potting. Aristotle thought women were imperfect and needed to be led by men. Most men agreed that women were to be guided by men. |
| What was the political status of women in Athens? | They had no political status |
| 13.) How were Athenian women like Athenian children, under the law? Describe the treatment of women in affluent Athenian homes? | Women and children needed guardians Affluent women managed the household including, weaving, food prep, and children. |
| 14.) What Greek playwrights prominently featured women and their families in their tragedies and comedies? What is the plot outline for Sophocles’ tragedy, Antigone? What is the plot outline for Aristophanes’ comedy, The Clouds? | Sophocles and Aristophanes Plotline of Antigone is that a woman disobeys a ruler and has conflict with her guardian Clouds is about a father trying to control his son |
| 15.) Who was the Greek god of health? Who was his daughter? What is the significance of her name? | Greek god of health is Asclepius Daughter Hygieia Her name was turned into the word hygiene. |
| 16.) In what area of public life did Greek women play their most significant role? In what types of activities was their participation considered essential? | Religion was the public role of women Sacred processions and ceremonies |
| 17.) Describe the life of the affluent Athenian women. Contrast this with the life of poor Athenian women. | Affluent women managed the household including, weaving, food prep, children. Poor women worked with their husbands, carried water and did laundry as well as tending sheep, spinning and weaving or potting. |
| 18.) What subjects were commonly studied by Athenian boys? Girls? Compare and contrast the Athenian education experience with that of the Spartans. | Reading, writing, music and poetry, public speaking Girls had no formal education Spartan men only did military training and Athenian men were expected to study many areas of knowledge. |
| 19.) What factors led to conflict between the Greek city-states? What cultural attributes did they have in common? | Strong local identification, independent spirit and economic rivalry caused conflicts Greeks shared a common culture, language, gods, and celebrated the same festivals. |
| 20.) How were Greek religious beliefs like that of most other ancient peoples? Identify and describe the Greek pantheon. | Polytheistic, and had Greek myths, temples, festivals, sacrifices, feasts, processions Pantheon=council ruled by 12 great gods |
| 21.) How did the Greeks honor their gods? Identify and describe Greek oracles. Describe a Greek tholos temple. | Temples, festivals, processions, sacrifices, feasts,plays, singing and athletics Oracles=priests and priestesses through whom the gods were thought to speak. Tholos temples was for offering sacrifices to Athena |
| 22.) What concept began to emerge amongst some Greek thinkers? | The universe was regulated by natural laws. |
| 23.) How did Greek legends and myths contribute to a common heritage? Examples? How will these legends and myths live on, even after Greek civilization fades? | The stories were told and retold Iliad and the Odyssey and plays Rome came to power and adopted and adapted Greek myths |
| 24.) According to your text, what was another factor which unified the Greeks? Where were these games held? In whose honor? | Olympic Games Sacred Valley of Olympia Honor to Zeus |
| 25.) How were the games reflective of the state of relations between the Greek city-states? Why did Greek city-states place a high value on the physical fitness of their citizens? Explain the contradiction between this and the previous question. | The games mirrored the rivalries between states They needed to be physically fit to fight each other in wars. It unified the city-states at the same time as it reflected their constant fighting. |
| 26.) What military/political action, taken by all the Greek city-states, demonstrates the importance of the Olympic Games? How did the content and structure of the games evolve over time? | A truce was called during the games The games went from one day as a foot race to 5 days with running, jumping, shot put and discus and javelin throwing. |
| 27.) Who could attend the Olympic games and who could not? For how long did the Olympic games continue? When did they end? Why? | Boys, men and unmarried women could attend. Only free men and boys could participate. Games went for 11 centuries. Romans ended the games because they were paganistic and not part of Christianity. |
| 28.) What was the Greek attitude towards non-Greeks? What did they call non-Greeks? What was the derivation of this word? What modern word is derived from this Greek origin? What is the meaning of this modern English word? | Greeks felt superior to non-Greeks They were called barbaroi Barbaroi=barbarian |
| 29.) What was ironic about the Greek view of non-Greeks? What is the underlying contradiction in how the Greeks viewed their fellow Greeks? | The barbarians were Phoenicians and Egyptians that the Greeks borrowed important ideas and inventions from. They felt superior to non Greek speakers. |
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chuckie11