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Chemistry Vocab Unit
TEST Wednesday, 11/16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Actinide | synthetic, radioactive elements found in row 7, lowest on periodic table |
| Alkali Earth metals or alkaline earth metals | group 2 on the periodic table, gray |
| Alkali metals | group 1 on the table, lose 1 electron, very reactive, shiny and soft |
| Alloy | a mixture of two or more metals, an example is brass b/c it is a mixture of copper and zinc |
| Atom | the smallest type of matter |
| Atomic Mass | the mass of an atom, approximately the number of protons and neutrons in the atom |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in each element |
| Brittle | easily broken apart |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up by the reaction |
| Chemical Formula | a set of chemical symbols showing the elements present in a compound |
| Chemical Symbol | one or two letters that represent an element |
| Closed system | system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave |
| Coefficient | numbers in front of each substance in a chemical equation; multiply |
| Compound | a pure substance that chemically combines with two or more elements, example |
| Conductive or conductivity | an object that is able to transfer electricity or heat through it, an example is iron or glass |
| Corrosion or corrosive | the destruction of metal due to a chemical reaction |
| Ductile | an object that is able to be rolled into a wire, copper is an example |
| Electron | the negative charge of an atom, OUTSIDE the nucleus |
| Element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down, found on the periodic table |
| Endothermic | when a process absorbs energy (gets cold) |
| Exothermic | when a process gives off energy (gets hot) |
| Group | also called a family, there are 18 of them, they are vertical on the periodic table |
| Halogens | group 17, need 1 electron to be stable, create a "salt", very reactive, all nonmetals |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | a mixture where the substances aren't equally distributed, you can see the different parts |
| Homogeneous Mixture | mixture of 2 or more substances that you cannot see the different parts |
| Inert | unable to react chemically |
| Inhibitor | a substance that slows down a chemical reaction |
| Insulator | material that does not allow electricity or heat to flow through easily |
| Isotope | when an atom has a different number of neutrons than protons |
| Lanthanide | elements in row 6 on the bottom of the table, most are soft shiny metals that make alloys, |
| Law of conservation of mass | states that mass cannot be created or destroyed, mass must be the same amount in the reactants and products |
| Luster | the sheen of an object, shininess |
| Malleable | an object that is able to be bent or shaped, gold & silver are examples |
| Mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| Metalloid | the elements that are found on both sides of the "steps" on the periodic table, they separate metals from nonmetals |
| Metalloids | an element that characteristics of both metals and nonmetals, found on both sides of the step ladder on the periodic table |
| Metals | all of the elements on the periodic table that have properties such as hard, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity |
| Neutron | the neutral charge of an atom, INSIDE the nucleus |
| Nonmetals | elements such as oxygen or sulfur, they do not have the physical and chemical properties of metals, dull, brittle, are not conductive, |
| Nucleus | the center of an atom |
| Open system | a system in which matter can enter or escape to the surrounding |
| Oxidation | the combination of a substance with oxygen that has a reaction |
| Period | also called a row, there are 7 of them, they are horizontal on the periodic table |
| Periodic Table | diagram that shows the properties of all the elements |
| Physical Change | a way to describe a change in matter that can be observed, measured, how it looks, feels, size, etc. |
| Precipitate | a chemical change that happens when 2 different liquids are combined and create a solid |
| Product | the substance at the end of a chemical reaction, on the right side of the arrow. |
| Proton | the positive charge of an atom, INSIDE the nucleus |
| Reactant | the substance at the beginning of a chemical reaction, on the left side of the arrow |
| Reactive or reactivity | how easy or difficult (the speed) an object combines with another one |
| Semiconductor | a material that conducts electricity under some conditions |
| Sublimation | change in state from a solid directly to a gas without turning to a liquid |
| Subscript | numbers written below the line that tells how many atoms of a given type are in a compound |
| Synthetic | man made using a particle accelerator |
| Transition metals | groups 3 to 12, most common elements, colorful, malleable |
| Valence electron | the outermost electrons in an atom |
| Yield | sign that means to produce or make in a chemical reaction |
Created by:
jhandy8
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