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Y9 Earth Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 7-50km thick outer Earth layer of earth, solid, | crust |
| Earth layer below crust, 3000km thick, liquid | mantle |
| 2000km thick Earth layer, liquid | outer core |
| 1000km thick Earth layer, center, solid | inner core |
| Two key points for continental drift | 1. Jigsaw coastline fit, 2. Similar rocks/fossils/species |
| Process of hot material rising, cool material sinking | Convection current |
| Where one plate sinks under the other as they collide | Converging plate (destructive boundary) |
| Where plates move apart | Divergent plate (constructive boundary) |
| Valley caused when plates or faults move apart | Rift |
| Valley caused when plates collide | Trench |
| Mountains formed when plates move apart | Ridge |
| When plates slide past each other | Transform |
| Upper part of a fold in a plate | Anticline |
| Lower part of a fold in a plate | Syncline |
| Fracture within a plate | Fault |
| Part of a plate that has been pushed up | Horst |
| When divergence happens at the fault level not plate level | Normal fault |
| When convergence happens at the fault level not plate level | Reverse fault |
| When faults slide past each other | Strike-slip |
| Plate movement force where heavy dense end sinks | Slab pull |
| Plate movement force from an elevated end of the plate | Ridge push |
| The point on the surface of the Earth above where an earthquake has occured | epicentre |
| The actual point where an earthquake occured | focus |
| Smaller earthquakes before the main earthquake | foreshock |
| Smaller earthquakes after the main earthquake | aftershock |
| First compression/longitudinal waves to be felt in an earthquake | P waves |
| Second transverse waves to be feld in an earthquake | S waves |
| Molten rock on the surface of the Earth | Lava |
| Moleten rock under the surface of the Earth | Magma |
| Area where volcanoes form inside a plate not near the edges | Hotspot |
| Volcano with low viscosity, low silica, gentle slope | Shield volcano |
| Volcano with high viscosity, high silica, steep slope | Stratovolcano |
| Single original supercontinent | Pangea |
| Strongest waves on the surface last felt in an earthquake | L waves |
| Symmetrical age and pole aligned rock strips along the ocean caused by divergent plates | Magnetic stripping |
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andrewweng0406