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Unit 5
Balancing chemical equations
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Oxidation Number | the number of electrons that must be added to or removed from an atom in a combined state to convert the atom into elemental form. |
Oxidation-Reduction Reaction | any chemical change in which one species is oxidized (lose electrons) and gains another species is reduced (gains electrons); also called redox reduction |
Reactants | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction. |
Products | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction. |
Coefficients | a whole small number that appears as a factor in front of a formula in a chemical equation. |
Law of Conservation of Mass | the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes. |
Combustion Reaction | the oxidation reaction of an element or compound, in which energy as heat is released . |
Decomposition reaction | a reaction in which a single compound breaks downs to form two or more simpler substances. |
synthesis reaction | a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound. |
single displacement reaction | a reaction in which one element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound. |
double displacement reaction | a reaction in which the ions of two compounds exchange places in a aqueous solution to form two new compounds. |
Monatomic ions | an ion formed from a single atom |
nomenclature | a naming system |
oxyanions | a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen |
formula mass | the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in the formula of any molecule, formula unit, or ion. |
percent composition | the percentage by mass of each element in a compound. |
empirical formula | a chemical formula that shows the composition of a compound in terms of the relative numbers and kinds of atoms in the simplest ratio. |
chemical equation | a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products. |
word equation | an equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical equation are represented by words. |
formula equation | a representation of the reactants and the products of a chemical equation reaction by their symbols or formulas. |
reversible reaction | a chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants. |