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Homeostasis 1
Patho D236 WGU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what enables her body to maintain homeostasis despite her increased activity? Choose 3 1 Diane's sports drink helped to replace sodium and water lost due to sweating. 2 Diane's body produces more angiotensin II, allowing her body to constrict blood vessels and increase her blood pressure. 3 Diane's kidney reabsorbs more water and sodium in response to ADH and aldosterone. 4 Extracellular fluid shifts into intracellular fluid, expanding cells and stimulating the thirst center in the hypothalamus | 1,2,3 |
| Michael's pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis. How does pH impact Michael's basal metabolic panel? Choose 3 His CO2 level is increased because his lungs have difficulty removing it from the bloodstream. His K+ is elevated because, as H+ moves inside of cells in an attempt to get it out of the bloodstream, K+ moves from cells into the bloodstream. His sodium level is decreased due to hypervolemia. | all three in question |
| A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have? Respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic acidosis | Metabolic Alkalosis-The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is attempting to compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining more CO2 |
| What happens in a dehydrated patient? ADH levels increase and the RAAS is inactivated. ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is activated. ADH levels decrease and the RAAS is inactivated. ADH levels increase and the RAAS is activated. | ADH levels increase and the RAAS is activated-Osmoreceptors will stimulate the secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary. In addition, low circulation stimulates the kidney to make renin, and the RAAS will increase blood volume and blood pressure by promoting the reabsorption of water and sodium in the kidney and through vasoconstriction. |
| Which explains how ACE inhibitors work? 1 The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood vessels. This lowers blood pressure. 2 The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood vessels more dilated. This lowers blood pressure. 3The decrease in the production of angiotensin II constricts blood vessels. This raises blood pressure. | Normally, the RAAS is activated in response to low blood pressure, and its actions help to raise blood pressure. As part of this response, angiotensin II is produced and causes vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure. Sometimes individuals with high blood pressure are prescribed ACE inhibitors. The decrease in the production of angiotensin II keeps blood vessels more dilated. This lowers blood pressure. |
| In diabetic ketoacidosis, what happens to the anion gap? 1 Because extra HCO3- is produced, the anion gap decreases. 2 Because HCO3- is consumed, the anion gap decreases. 3 Because extra HCO3- is produced, the anion gap increases. 4 Because HCO3- is consumed, the anion gap increases. | 4- |
| To remove potassium from the blood during dialysis, what should the dialysate do? 1It should not contain potassium. 2It should have a higher concentration of potassium than that of the bloodstream. 3 It should have a lower concentration of potassium than that of the bloodstream. 4It should have a concentration of potassium that is equal to that of the bloodstream. | 3-Dialysis relies on diffusion to remove solutes, including waste and potassium, from the blood. Solutes move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. When the amount of potassium is lower in the dialysate than in the bloodstream, potassium will diffuse from the bloodstream into the dialysate. This removes excess potassium, decreasing the chances the patient will have a cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. |
| Your patient has pulmonary edema, which raises levels of CO2 in the blood. What helps the patient's body to compensate for this increase? 1 The kidneys excrete more H+ and conserve HCO3-. 2 The kidneys conserve H+ and excrete more HCO3-. 3 The kidneys conserve both H+ and HCO3-. 4The kidneys excrete more H+ and more HCO3-. | 1-The increased CO2 level will generate more carbonic acid. The body must compensate for the decreased pH. Excreting more H+ and conserving HCO3- will both help to increase pH. |
| Your patient has type I diabetes and has developed kidney disease requiring dialysis. The patient is diligent about caring for themselves and wants to maintain as much independence as possible. What course of treatment would address the patient's kidney disease while allowing the patient to care for this condition at home? 1 Sugar tablets 2 An insulin pump 3 Hemodialysis 4 Peritoneal dialysis | 4-Peritoneal dialysis helps to remove harmful substances from the blood and maintain homeostatic electrolyte levels when the kidneys are not performing these functions. It can be done from home. |
| An ICU patient's arterial blood gas results show low pH and low CO2 levels. The patient's respiratory rate is increased. What is the name of this condition? 1Respiratory alkalosis 2Metabolic alkalosis 3 Respiratory acidosis 4Metabolic acidosis | 4-Since the pH is low, and the pH and CO2 are trending in the same direction, the condition is metabolic acidosis. The low CO2 indicates that CO2 is not causing the acidosis. The increased respiratory rate lowers blood CO2 in an attempt to compensate for the metabolic acidosis. |
| Respiratory rate increases during exercise. How does this increased respiratory rate allow the body to maintain a homeostatic pH level? 1 The increased exhalation of CO2 helps to decrease pH. 2The increased inhalation of CO2 helps to decrease pH. 3The increased inhalation of CO2 helps to increase pH. 4The increased exhalation of CO2 helps to increase pH. | 4-The increased respiratory rate allows more CO2 to be exhaled. Since CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid, getting rid of more CO2 through increased respiration will raise pH. |
| Your patient has experienced significant blood loss due to an injury incurred in a car accident. Which physiological response is to be expected? 1Vasodilation will help to reduce blood pressure. 2ADH will stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb more water. 3The adrenal gland will stop releasing aldosterone. 4The RAAS will be inactivated. | 2-ADH is produced in response to hypovolemia and stimulates the patient's kidney to reabsorb water. This reabsorption will help to compensate for the blood loss. |
| PH is from the concentration of what? | Hydrogen molecules |
| Are you acidic or basic with high concentration of Hydrogen ions? | Acidic which is a low pH |
| Are you acidic or basic with a lower concentration of of Hydrogen ions? | Basic which is a High pH |
| pH of 7.35-7.45 is what acid/basic/normal? | Normal |
| __________________________ reduces C02 by diminishing Hydrogen ions and raising pH ( blood more acidic and need to get of C02 to make it more alkaline to return to normal pH) | Hyperventilation |
| _________________________ causes retention of C02 which increased Hydrogen ions levels and decrease the pH (blood more alkaline need to make more acidic to return to normal) | Hypoventilation |
| LOW pH= acidic | |
| HIGH pH- basic/alkaline | |
| Respirations increase in depth and rate to blow off C02... there is excess Hydrogen (blood more acidic) | Metabolic Acidosis... treat by resolve the acid/base disturbance like give insulin in DKA/lactic acid |
| Respirations slow down to increase C02 retention.... there is lack of hydrogen (blood more basic) | Metabolic Alkalosis.... treat by resolve the acid/base balance... like give nausea medication if vomiting. |
| Excess C02 has accumulated which is generating High hydrogen ions (low pH)... Kidneys attempt to excrete Hydrogen and conserve Bicarb | Respiratory Acidosis.... occurs with hypoventilation common with COPD, severe asthma |
| Lungs blow off too much bicarb and create less hydrogen in the blood (high pH).... kidneys attempt to retaibnb0n Hydrogen and excrete Bicarb | Respiratory Alkalosis--- occurs with hyperventilation.... anxiety or shallow respirations in asthma |
| PC02 | 35-45 mmHg |
| P02 | 90-100 mmHg |
| HCo3- | 22-26 Meq/L |
| The force exerted by water in the blood stream | hydrostatic pressure |
| The pressure exerted by electrolytes in the blood stream that forces that pulls water into the blood stream from the ISF/ICF | osmotic pressure |
| The force exerted by albumin in the blood stream | oncotic pressure |
| what type of IV solution will cause the cells to shrink by adding solutes to the blood stream? isotonic hypertonic hypotonic | Hypertonic.... common to give in cerebral edema |
| What is the natural diauretic of the body? It is from excretion of large amounts of NA and water by the kidneys? | Natruiesis |
| These are S/sx of what electrolyte deficiency? Headache, confusion, vomiting, muscle cramps, and lethargy | Hyponatremia.... common with hypervolemia |
| These are S/sx of what electrolyte deficiency? Dry mouth, irritability, hypertension, weight gain, oliguria, and dry skin | Hypernatremia |
| These are S/sx of what electrolyte deficiency? t. Anorexia, postural hypotension, nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness | Hypokalemia |
| These are S/sx of what electrolyte deficiency? Nausea, vomiting, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea | Hyperkalemia |
| numbness/tingling are common sign of what electrolyte diffiecency | Hypocalcemia... common from chemo and vomiting. |
Created by:
kristimisty27