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Ap Gov: Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federal Judiciary | the branch of the federal government that interprets the laws of the nation |
| Supreme Court | the highest level of the federal judiciary, which was established in Article III of the Constitution and serves as the highest court in the nation |
| Original Jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case first, which includes the finding of facts in the case |
| appellate jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear and review decisions made by lower courts in that system |
| Federalist No. 78 | argument by Alexander Hamilton that the federal judiciary would be unlikely to infringe upon rights and liberties but would serve as a check on the other two branches |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | the Supreme Court decision that established judicial review over federal laws |
| judicial review | the authority of the Supreme Court to strike down a law or executive action if it conflicts with the Constitution |
| criminal law | a category of law covering actions that harm the community |
| civil law | a category of law covering cases involving private rights and relationships between individuals and groups |
| federal district courts | the lowest level of the federal judiciary; these courts usually have original jurisdiction in cases that start at the federal level |
| federal courts of appeals | the middle level of the federal judiciary; these courts review and hear appeals from the federal district courts |
| precedent | a judicial decision that guides future courts in handling similar cases |
| stare decisis | the practice of letting a previous legal decision stand |
| majority opinion | a binding Supreme Court opinion, which serves as precedent for future cases |
| concurring opinion | an opinion that agrees with the majority decision, offering different or additional reasoning, that does not serve as precedent |
| dissenting opinion | an opinion that disagrees with the majority opinion and does not serve as precedent |
| judicial restraint | a philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should be cautious in overturning laws |
| judicial activism | a philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should wield the power of judicial review, sometimes creating new policies |
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emeltzer5