Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Stack #3662184
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the initial era of phanerozoic eon? | paleozoic |
| When was it started? | 542-251 Ma |
| Name the different periods of paleozoic era in sequence. | cambrian, ordivician, silurian, mississippian, pennsylvanian, carboniferous, and permian |
| How many major continents existed at the beginning of paleozoic era? | 6: baltica, china, gondwana, kazakstania, laurentia, and siberia |
| Craton and mobile belt are two major components of every continent in paleozoic era. Which one is important for transgression-regression? | Craton |
| What are the main mobile belts? | Cordillera, appalachian, ouachita, and franklin |
| What is pangea? | Supercontinent |
| When was it formed? | During the permian |
| What is panthalassa? | Global ocean |
| What is carboniferous? | A period in the paleozoic era |
| Cratonic sequences were formed due to craton-wide sea transgression and regression. What is actually meant by transgression and regression? | Transgression- starts off little water then water begins to flow in / regression- starts off lots of water then slowly becomes little |
| Denote the different accumulated rock layers A, B, and C for both transgression and regression events. (Sandstone, shale, and limestone) | A- limestone B-Shale C- sandstone |
| Sequence? | Transgression |
| Mature sandstones form in environments of current reversal and continual washing, such as beaches. Define the characteristics of sandstone in Sauk sequence. | Mostly quartz, grains well rounded and well sorted |
| Limestones in sauk sequence contain fragment of shells, stromatolites and oolites. Such sedimentary structures and textures indicate shallow-water deposition. What could be the probable depth of Sauk sea? | No deeper than 200 m |
| Reefs developed in the Michigan basin during the formation of Tippecanoe sequence. What type of rock and water was the primary source of Kaskaskia sandstone? | Limestone Warm, clear, shallow |
| What was the primary source of Kaskaskia sandstone? | Acadian Highlands |
| What could be the probable depositional environment of Black Shale during the deposition of Kaskaskia sequence? | Undisturbed anaerobic bottom waters Reduced supply of coarse sediment High organic productivity in overlying waters |
| Cyclic advance and retreat of sea over shallow land created Cyclothems. What could be the reason behind Cyclothem formation in North America craton during the deposition of Absarkoka sequence. | The gondwanan ice sheets |
| Do swampy areas common during Cyclothem deposition? | Yes |
| Why is that? | Theres lots of transgression and regression |
| Statement: Both tatonic and caledonian orogeny became the result of subducting oceaninc plate (true/false) | true |
| Which continents were associated with Tatconic, Caledonian orogeny? Specify the time of those events. | European and Baltic Early Devonian |
| Name the clastic wedge formed the erosion of the Taconic highlands and Acadian highlands. | Queenston Delta |
| What is the condition of Iapetus ocean during Acadian organic activity? | It closed and formed Laurasia |
| Why catskill delta is famous? | For its freshwater fish and early amphibian fossils, as well as early land plants |
| Which mobile belts were associated with Laurasia and Gondwana collision? | Appalachian |
| The Antler orogeny marks the collision between ____ and ___. | Volcanic arc and the craton |
| Ouachita organic activity created a large mountain range extending from ___ to ___. | Ouachita mountains in Arkansas to Marathon mountains in West Texas |
| Paleozoic mineral resources. | petroleum , coal, ores of iron, lead, zinc, and other metallic deposits |
| What happened in Cambrian explosion? | Rapid evolutionary diversion |
| Why fossil from the Cambrian period had greater chance to be preserved? | Had hard parts |
| What advantages skeletons gave to the Cambrian organisms? | Protection against predators, protection against UV, kept them from drying out, support for muscles; enabling organisms to grow large and increase their locomotion efficiency |
| How do you define Plankton, Nekton and Benthos? | Plankton: the floaters, nekton: the swimmers, benthos: if they live on or in the seafloor |
| Classify marine organisms according to feeding groups. | Suspension feeders: consume microscopic plants and animals as well as dissolved nutrients from water, herbivores: plant eaters, carnivores: scavengers and predators, sediment-deposit feeders: ingest sediments and extract nutrients from it |
| Define primary producer | Primary producer: all other organisms are dependent (phytoplankton/ organisms that produce their own food) |
| pirmary consumer | Primary consumer: feed on the primary producers and are fed on by higher levels of consumers |
| predators | Predators: consume primary consumers (secondary and tertiary consumers) |
| Who are the main decomposers of marine ecosystem? Define their role. | Bacteria that break down the complex organic compounds of dead organisms and recycle them within the ecosystem |
| What were the major invertebrate groups during Cambrian? | Trilobites, brachiopods, and archaeocyathids |
| Which of them constructed reeflike structures in the Early Cambrian? | Archaeocyathids |
| Name the Ordovician marine invertebrate community. | Nautiloids |
| Though the diversity of marine extinction event occurred at the end of Ordovician period. What could be the reason behind that mass extinction? | Global cooling and orogenic events |
| Which was called sea scorpion? | Eurypterid |
| What was their size? | Up to 9 feet |
| Where did they live? | In silrian: spread into brackish water, fresh water, and swamps |
| Suppose, Ammoniod fossil has been found in any sedimentary rock. What is your idea about the deposition time of that sedimentary unit? | Its very old |
| What effect did the closing of Iapetus ocean have on the Silurian and Devonian marine community? | Reduced the number of shallow shelf environments |
| What were the common marine community during the Permian? | Brachiopods, bryozoans, sponges and some types of calcareous algae |
| What was the worst known mass extinction? | Invertebrate Mass Extinction |
| How much of the marine invertebrate species became extinct at the time? | 90% |
| What could be the possible reason behind the Permian mass extinction? | Widespread volcanism and continental fissure eruptions damaged the ozone layer and polluted oceans |
| Specify the timeline of five big mass extinctions. | 1. Ordovician-silurian extinction: 439 Ma 2. Late devonian extinction: 364 Ma 3. Permian-triassic extinction: 251 Ma 4. End Triassic extinction 251 Ma 5. Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction 65 Ma |
| Background extinction | Background: species go extinct through natural selection, gradual environmental change or competiontion between species mass |
| mass extinctino | mass extinction: large numbers of species go extinct together unusual, envrinmentally catastrophic conditions, usually unrelated to their normal adaptations to their environment |
| Atmospheric oxygen levels peaked around 31% at the time, compared with 21 percent today. What was the effect of this increased oxygen level on the living organisms at the time? | It shrunk them |
| Which body parts characterize Chordata in earlier stage? | Animals with a notochord (nerve cord) and gill slits |
| Why earlier Chordates were rarely fossilized? | They were soft-bodied organisms |
| What advantages amniotic egg gave to the vertebrates? | Provides freedom from water bodies, facilitates exploitation of terrestrial environments |
| examples of jawless fish | Lampery, hagfish |
| examples of ray-finned fish | Tuna perch, bass, pike, catfish, trout, salmon |
| examples of lobe-finned fish | Lungfish, latmieria |
| What are the differences between ray-finned and lobe-finned? | Ray: no muscular base on paired fins Lobe: external nostrils, lungs and gills, muscles extend into fin |
| What are the three orders of lobe-finned fish? | Coelacanths, lungfish, crossopterygians |
| How did the jaws in fish originate? | From the first two or three anterior gill arches of jawless fish |
| When did the transition from fish to amphibian occur? | During the Devonian |
| Which type of fish gave rise to the amphibians? | A group of lobe-finned fish |
| What were their similarities? | Bone and tooth structures |
| What were the changes needed in land-dwelling vertebrates? | 3-chambered heart, spinal column became sturdy but flexible, ear ossicle and ear drum developed |
| Place them according to their evolution order (from early to late): reptiles, amphibians, mammals, fish | Fish, amphibians, reptiles, then mammals |
| Did insects make the transition from water to land before amphibian? | Yes |
| What were the barriers amphibians needed to surmount for transitioning into land? | Desiccation, reproduction, effects of gravity, breathing air |
| Describe the intermediate stage between lobe-finned fish and earliest tetrapod. | Tiktaalik roseae: fish and tetrapod characteristics, true tetrapod forelimb with 5 digits and wrist bone, modified ear region |
| What environmental condition made the amphibians extremely abundant? | coal-forming swamps were widespread |
| What advantages amniotic egg gave to the reptilians over amphibians? | allowed them to colonize all parts of the land |
| What body part differ between amphibians and reptilians? | Different skull structure, jawbones, ear location, and limb/vertebral construction |
| Who are warm blooded animals? | Therapsids |
| What were the challenges overcome by the plants for transitioning from water to land? | Desiccation, reproduction, and gravity |
| Why evolution of vascular tissue was important? When did the vascular land plant appear? | Allowed food and water to be transported throughout the plant and provided the plant with additional support The Pennsylvanian period |
| What are the similarities between vascular land plants and green alga? | Pigmentation, metabolic enzymes, reproductive cycles |
| What were the advantages of flower less seed plants over vascular seed less plants? | Didn't need to stay near water |
| Which type of plant (a) and (b) is? | a. seedless vascular plants b. gymnosperm |
Created by:
gracie.ransonet1