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Chemistry Vocab 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy Level | The specific energies an electron in an atom or other system can have. |
| Quantum | The amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another. |
| Quantum Mechanical Model | The modern description, primarily mathematical, of the behavior of electrons in atoms. |
| Atom Orbital | A mathematical expression describing the probability of finding an electron at various locations; usually represented by the region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron. |
| Electron Configuration | The arrangement of electrons of an atom in its ground state into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms. |
| Aufbau Principle | The rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first. |
| Pauli Exclusion Principle | An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction. |
| Spin | A quantam mechanical property of electrons that may be thought as clockwise or counterclockwise. |
| Hund's Rule | Electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number or electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible. |
| Amplitude | The height of a wave's crest. |
| Wavelength | The distance between adjacent crests of a wave. |
| Frequency | The number of wave cycles that pass a given point per unit of time; frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other. |
| Hertz | The unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second. |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | Energy waves that travel in a vacuum at a speed of 2.998 x 10^8 m/s; includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x-rays, and gamma rays. |
| Spectrum | Wavelengths of visible light that are separated when a beam of light passes through a prism; range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. |
| Atomic Emission Spectrum | The pattern formed when light passes through a prism of diffraction granting to separate it into the different frequencies of light it contains. |
| Planck's Constant | A number used to calculate the radiant energy (E) absorbed or emitted by a body based on the frequency of radiation. |
| Photoelectric Effect | The ejection of electrons by certain metals when the absorb light with a frequency above a threshold frequency. |
| Photon | A quantum of light; a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that interacts with matter similarly to particles. |
| Ground State | The lowest possible energy of an atom described by quantum mechanics. |
| Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | It is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time. |
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OliviaRoark
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