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PSYCH-Chapt 8
Motivation and Emotion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motivation | The biological, emotional, cognitive or social forces that activate and direct behavior |
| 3 basic characteristics commonly associated with motivation | Activation, persistence and intensity |
| Instinct theories | The view that certain human behaviors are innate and due to evolutionary programing |
| Principles of psychology | The famous text by William James that includes Human instincts |
| Drive theories | The view that behavior is motivated by the desire to remove internal tension caused by unmet biological needs |
| Homeostasis | The idea that the body monitors and maintains internal states such as energy supplies at relatively constant levels |
| Drive | A need or internal motivational state that activates behavior to reduce the need and restores homeostasis |
| Incentive theories | The view that behavior is motivated by the pull of external goals (rewards) |
| Arousal theory | The view that people are motivated to maintain a level of arousal that is optimal-neither too high or too low |
| Sensation Seeking | According to psychologist Marvin Zuckerman ________ is the degree to which an individual is motivated to experience high levels of sensory and physical arousal associated with varied and novel activities |
| Humanistic theories of motivation- | The view that emphasizes the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in motivation, especially the notion that people are motivated to realize their personal potential |
| Who created the Humanistic theories of motivation | Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow |
| Hierarchy of needs | Maslow's levels of motivation that progress from basic physical needs to psychological needs to self fulfillment needs |
| The need to belong | The drive to form and maintain lasting positive relationships that are characterized by mutual concern and caring. (as defined by psychologists Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary |
| Self-Determination Theory (SDT) | Deci and Ryan's theory that optimal human functioning can occur only if the psychological need for autonomy, competence and relatedness are satisfied |
| Intrinsic Motivation | the desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfyingly and enjoyable, novel or optimally challenging |
| Extrinsic Motivation | The external factors or influences on behavior such as rewards, consequences or social expectations |
| Achievement motivation | The desire to direct your behavior towards excelling, succeeding or outperforming others at some task |
| Leptin | A hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus regulating hunger and eating behavior |
| Set-point theory | The theory that humans and other animals have a natural weight called the set-point weight that the body maintains |
| Body mass index (BMI) | A numerical measure of body fat and weight status based on height and weight |
| Obesity | A condition characterized by excessive body fat and a body mass index equal or greater than 30 |
| Emotion | A complex psychological state that involves three distinct but related components: a cognitive experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response |
| Basic Emotions | The most fundamental set of emotion categories which are biologically innate evolutionary determined and culturally universal |
| Interpersonal engagement | The emotion dimension reflecting the degree to which emotions involve a relationship with another person or other people |
| Anthropomorphism | The attribution of human traits, motives, or behaviors to non-human animals or inanimate objects |
| Display rules | Social and cultural regulations governing emotional expression esp. facial expressions |
| Amygdala | An almond shaped cluster of neurons at the base of the temporal lobe |
| James-Lange Theory of emotion | The theory that emotions arise from the perception of body changes |
| Facial Feedback Hypothesis | The view that expressing a specific emotion, especially facially, causes the subjective experience of that emotion |
| Two factor theory | Schachater and Singer's theory that emotion is the interaction of physiological arousal and the cognitive label that we apply to explain the arousal |
| Cognitive appraisal theory of emotion | The theory that emotional responses are triggered by a cognitive evaluation |
| Self-efficacy | The degree to which people are convinced of their ability to meet the demands of a specific situation |
Created by:
mmerry