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Ethics chp. 2

Ethics vocab

TermDefinition
Act Utilitarianism The types of utilitarianism that determines the goodness of a particular act by measuring the utility (good) for all, but only for that specific act and without regard for future actions.
Categorical Imperative The concept that somethings just must be, with no need for further justification, explanation, or rationalization for why the exist. (Kant applies this by stating one should act as they want others to act)
Cultural Relativism The that values and behaviors differ from culture to culture and are functional in the culture that holds them.
Deontological Ethical System The study of duty or moral obligation emphasizing the intent of the actor as the element of morality, without regard to the consequences of acts.
Egoism The ethical system that defines the pursuit of self-interest as a moral good.
Enlightened Egoism The concept that egoism may appear to be altruistic because it is in one's long-term best interest to help others in order to receive help in return.
Ethical Formalism The ethical system espoused by Kant that focuses on duty; holds that the only thing truly good is a good will, and that what is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative.
Ethical System A structured set if principles that defines what is moral.
Ethics of Care The ethical system that defines good as meeting the needs of others and preserving enriching relationships.
Ethics of Virtue The ethical system that bases ethics largely upon character and possession of virtues.
Eudaimonia The Greek term denoting perfect happiness or flourishing, related to the way to live a "good life."
Generalization Principle The principle that all decisions should be made assuming that the decision would be applied to everyone else in similar circumstances.
Hypothetical Imperitives Statements of contingent demand known as if-then statements (if I want something, then I must work for it); usually contrasted with categorical imperatives (statements of "must" with no "ifs").
Imperative Principle The concept that all decisions should be made according to absolute results.
Moral Pluralism The concept that there are fundamental truths that may dictate different definitions of what is moral in different situations.
Natural Law The idea that principles of morals and rights are inherent in nature and not human-made; such laws are discovered by reason but exist apart from humankind.
Peacemaking Justice An ancient approach to justice that includes the concepts of compassion and care, connectedness, and mindfulness.
Principle of Forfeiture The idea that one gives up one's right to be treated under the principles of respect for persons extent that one has abrogated someone else's rights; for instance, self-defense is acceptable according this.
Principle of the Golden Mean Aristotle's concept of moderation, in which one should not err toward excess or deficiency; this principle is associated with the ethics of virtue.
Psychological Egoism The concept that humans naturally seek self-interest, and that we can do nothing else because it is our nature.
Religious Ethics The ethical system that is based on religious beliefs of good and evil; what is good is that which is God's will.
Rule Utilitarianism The type of utilitarianism that determines the goodness of an action by measuring the utility of that action when it is made into a rule for behavior.
Situational Ethics The philosophical position that although there are a few universal truths, different situations call for different responses; therefore, an action can be right or wrong depending on situational factors.
Teleological Ethical System An ethical system that is concerned with the consequences or ends of an action to determine goodness.
Utilitarianism The ethical system that claims that the greatest good is that which results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number; major proponents are Bentham and Mill.
Utilitarian Principle The principle that all decisions should be made according to what is best for the greatest number.
Created by: eflow
 

 



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