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microbiology
chapter 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocarditis | bacterial and fungal infection affect the tissue lining of the heart known as the? |
| myocarditis | viral and parasitic infection that infect the heart muscle |
| pericarditis | Bacteria, viruses, and rarely fungal infection that infect the membrane surrounding the heart. |
| signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis | Fatigue, weakness, fever, chills, night sweats, excessive sweating, weight loss, muscle aches/pain, joint pain, SOB, bloody urine, abnormal urine color, red painless skin on palms & soles, red painful nodes in the pads on the fingers & toes. nail changes |
| Noninfective Endocarditis | formation of platelet and fibrin thrombi on heart valves and the surrounding endocardium in response to trauma, circulating immune complexes, vasculitis, or a hyper coagulated state |
| most common cause of infectious endocarditis is? | bacterial |
| Treatment for endocarditis of the natural heart valve | antibiotics |
| Treatment of endocarditis of the prostatic heart valve | requires surgery to remove vegetation. |
| myocarditis signs and symptoms | chest pain, fever, SOB, leg swelling, Arrhythmias, CHF, |
| Myocarditis effects | the cardiac muscle becomes weakened, which can result in heart failure. symptoms may be vague making the diagnosis difficult. |
| pericarditis signs and symptoms | chest pain, breathing difficulty when lying down, dry cough, ankle, foot, and leg swelling, anxiety, fatigue, and fever |
| pericarditis affects | inflammation of the pericardium, the saclike membrane surrounding the heart, is usually a complication of a viral infection, may also be caused by a bacteria or fungal infection. |
| occupations that risk of exposure to blood borne pathogens are greatest at | healthcare, emergnancy response, public safety, teaching, and many others |
| bloodborne pathogens | HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and those causing viral hemorrhagic fever |
| vector | when disease is transmitted through an insect bite. the insect is kown as a? |
| microbemia | term used to describe infections cause by microorganisms that enter the circulatory system through the symptomatic drainage. they may be symptomatic, asymptomatic, transient, continuous or intermittent |
| microbemia signs and symptoms | Fever chills rigors, sweating, malaise, sleepiness, and fatigue. tx usually involve iv broad- spectrum antibiotics |
| bacteremia | the term used when bacteria are present in the blood stream |
| possible causes of bacteremia | infection during dental procedures, catheterization, placement of other indwelling devices, surgical procedures, wound infection, and many more |
| Sepsis | a toxic condition caused by the spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from the site of infection |
| Septicemia | sepsis that occurs when bacteria multiply in the bloodstream. "This is a medical emergency" |
| septic shock | the result of hypotension despite adequate fluid substitution. it develops quickly and the patient becomes extremely ill |
| sepsis signs and symptoms | loss of appetite, fever, chills, lethargic, anxious, agitated behavior, accelerated breathing, accelerated heart rate, |
| Rheumatic fever signs and symptoms | Joint pain, fever, chest pain, carditis, rash, nodules under the skin, (carditis may be recognized years later when heart damage is evident) |
| rheumatic fever | an inflammatory disease that can develop as a rare complication after a group A streptococcal infection such as a rare complication after group A streptococcal infection such as strep throat or scarlet fever |
| rheumatic fever basis | inflammatory disease involving the heart, hoints, brain, spinal cord, and skin. occurs usually in children 4-18 years of age and usually begin several weeks after the disappearance of localized throat symptoms and very greatly among individuals |
| rheumatic fever treatment (abx treatment for 3-5 years) | treatment involves long-term abx administration to eliminate any residual streptococcal infection, anti-inflammatory medication, limiting of physical activity that may aggravate the inflamed structures and if low dose isn't followed may recur. |
| Gangrene | complication of necrosis, the decay and death of tissue, that is often related to wounds. |
| ischemia | restriction of blood supply (when the blood supply to the tissue is interrupted by an infection) |
| genus Clostridium | gram- positive, endospore-forming anaerobes, that grow easily under these conditions. commonly found in soil and the intestinal tracts of humans and domestic animals |
| C. Perfringens | most frequent species involved in gangrene |
| treatment of gangrene | removal of necrotic tissue and in many cases amputation. because it's hard for abx to reach ischemic tissue abx alone are not effective. hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used to kill the anaerobic clostridium causing the condition. |
| dry gangrene | caused by ischemia and generally beginning at the distal portion of the limbs such as the feet. often in occurs in older clients with arteriosclerosis or impaired peripheral blood flow |
| internal gangrene (white gangrene) | noticeable by bleaching of internal tissue and is generally contracted after surgery or trauma |
| wet gangrene | occurs in organs lined by mucous membranes such as the mouth, lower intestinal tract, lungs & cervix. bedsores are also categorized as wet gangrene infx. Toxic products formed by the infecting bacteria can be absorbed if the affected tissue isn't removed. |
| Gas gangrene | is caused by bacteria that produce gas within the infected tissue. toxin produced by the bacteria cause necrosis of more tissue, therefore providing further bacterial growth if left untreated the condition could be fatal. |
Created by:
sfuller1