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Unit 3
Molecular Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the functional group (R-NH2)? | Amine (amino) |
| What is the functional group (R-OH)? | Alcohol |
| Ester | |
| The gas ammonia, amino acids, amine groups, and amide groups all have in common what element? | Nitrogen |
| You eat an egg. In your digestive system, the proteins in the egg are broken down into amino acids. Each peptide bond between amino acids is broken, and individual amino acids are released. This is an example of what reaction? | Hydrolysis |
| What are the amino acids (aspartate and glutamate) classified as? | Acidic |
| Where are peptide bonds found? | Proteins |
| Two amino acids are lined in a reaction that releases water and forms a peptide bond. This is an example of a _______ reaction. | Dehydration synthesis |
| amino end at left | |
| Peptide bond--->Peptide group What are the reactants in this reaction? | Amino Acids |
| This molecule has -NH2 at one end, a single carbon (with an H and a side group R) in the middle, and -COOH at the other end. (sometimes we show it as -NH+ and -COO) | Nucleic Acid |
| In this drawing, Gly-lle-Val-ect. represent what? | Amino Acids |
| There are several levels of organization of protein molecules, B-pleated sheets are an example of what? | Secondary Structure |
| What kind of molecule is this double helix? | DNA |
| What are these flat arrows on this protein image called? | B-pleated sheets |
| The enzyme _______ breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose | Sucrase |
| The action of an enzyme referred to as a dehydrogenase would be to? | Remove a hydrogen atom |
| What is the function of an enzyme's pocket? | To make it more likely that a collision with the correct orientation and velocity occurs |
| Enzymes called RNAases break down what? | Ribonucleic acid |
| What is a catalyst? | A substance which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself consumed? |
| Enzymes make reactions: | Go faster |
| Which sex hormones are examples of lipids? | |
| The functional group at left in both molecules is an example of a what? | Carboxylic acid group |
| What does the red atoms in the molecules depicted here represent? | Oxygen |
| A fatty acid has single covalent bonds between its carbon atoms. There are no carbon-carbon double bonds. As a result, each carbon is bonded to at least two hydrogens and the carbons are holding as many hydrogen atoms as possible. What fatty acid is this? | Saturated |
| Which of the following types of molecules is least soluble in water? | Lipid |
| The molecule shown here is cholesterol, which is the basis for many different lipid signaling molecules EXCEPT: | Cyclic AMP |
| The molecule shown here is an eicosanoid. The curved shape of the molecule is due to the presence of many _________ in the molecule. | Double Bonds |
| In the reaction that produces lactose... | Glucose and galactose must undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction |
| Deoxyribose and ribose are different at what carbon position? | 2 prime |
| Ribose is a: | Part of RNA |
| The most important function of dietary carbohydrates is: | |
| The molecule lactose (milk sugar) is broken into galactose and glucose in a _______ reaction. | Hydrolysis |
| When rapid energy is needed, glycogen is broken into glucose molecules in an example of a ________ reaction. | Hydrolysis |
| A nitrogenous base (adenine, cytidine, guanine, thymine, or uridine) plus a sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) makes a: | Nucleotide |
| The base _______ is found in both DNA and RNA | |
| The base _____ is found in both DNA and RNA | Adenine |
| The bonds labeled phosphodiester bonds in this diagram (-P-O-C_) are: | Covalent Bonds |
| One major difference between DNA and RNA is that DNA is typically: | Stable for long periods of time |
| The signaling molecule cAMP acts on _______ to turn genes on and off. | DNA |
| ATP energy is released when a bond between two phosphate groups? | Is broken by hydrolysis |
| Which part of the molecule would associate with non-polar amino acid groups? | The non-polar phospholipid tails. |
| ABO bloog groups are characterized by different ________ on the surface of the red blood cells: | Glycolipids |
| The major components of cell membranes are: | Phospholipids |
Created by:
jessica.m145