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Unit 5
The Cell Level Of Organization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What structures perform special functions in cellular growth maintenance and reproduction? | Organelles |
| Lysosomes, peroxisomes, and proteasomes are examples of what? | Storage and Digestion organelles |
| Cilia and flagella are both organelles involved in cellular, what? | Motility |
| The only organelle that contains its own DNA is? | Mitochondrion |
| Weather burned in a flame or "burned" as part of cellular metabolism, the byproducts of sugar broken down in the presence of oxygen are? | Heat & CO2 & H2O |
| In general ________ reactions build large molecules | Anabolic |
| Which of the following processes occurs in mitochondria? | Electron Transport Chain |
| FADH2 plays a key role in what? | Cellular respiration in mitochondria |
| Which of the following is a six-carbon sugar? | Glucose |
| In the formation of ATP, the stored energy is held in high-energy bonds between the, what? | Phosphate Groups |
| What molecule is a carrier for hydrogen atoms? | FAD |
| NADH plays a key role in what? | Cellular Respiration in mitochondria |
| Which of the following molecules involved in cellular respiration in not consumed by the process? | Not oxygen |
| Which of the following molecules is involved in cellular respiration has 3 carbons? | Pyruvate |
| Lactate is an end-product of what? | Anaerobic Respiration |
| Define Anaerobic | Without air |
| Define Aerobic | With air |
| Athletes who are exerting themselves at ma effort often deplete their oxygen. When this happens, ______ builds up in the muscle tissues as a "dead end" in glucose metabolism | Lactate |
| The molecules which provides a starting point for glycolysis is what? | Glucose |
| For each glucose molecule split, glycolysis uses ___ ATP molecules, glycolysis produces ____ ATP molecules, for a net gain of ___ ATP molecules. | Uses 2, Produces 4, Net Gain 2 |
| As a part of acetyl coenzyme A formation, NAD captures a hydrogen atom that...? | Will be used in the electron transport chain |
| Which of the following molecules involved in cellular respiration has 2 carbons? | Acetate |
| Where does the citric acid cycle take place? | In the mitochondrial matrix |
| By the end of the citric acid cycles, all 6 carbons from the original glucose molecules are "consumed" by pairing each one with oxygen to make, what? | Carbon Dioxide |
| A cell without mitochondria, can make ______ ATP molecules for each glucose molecule by glycolysis. | 2 |
| At the end of the electron transport chain, there is a transmembrane protein that allows protons to move down their concentration gradient. The energy from their movement is captured in high-energy bonds of ATP, what is this protein called? | ATP synthase |
| At the end of the electron transport chain, after they drop their cargo, what happens to NAD+ and FAD? | They are ready to carry more protons and electrons |
| The water which is produced at the end of the electron transport chain is called, what? | Metabolic Water |
| What is the location of the electron transport chain? | Inner mitochondrial membrane |
| When the body runs out of glucose and glycogen to metabolize for energy, it makes glucose from what? | Amino acids and triglycerides |
| You are running, glycogen is broken down into glucose 6 phosphate which goes through the glycolytic, citric acid cycle and electron transport pathway and is turned into ATP. What is this process called? | Aerobic Respiration |
| The process by which glucose is formed from non carbohydrate sources like amino acids is what? | Gluconeogenesis |
| We can store glucose in the form of glycogen, equivalent to about, how many food calories? | 2000 |
| What is the smallest of the cytoskeletal elements? | Microfilament |
| Some cells increase their surface area by folding up the cell membrane into microvilli. At the core of each microvillus is a bundle of what? | Microfilaments |
| What does the movement of cilia look like? | Little grass in the wind |
| What type of motility organelle do sperm use? | Flagellum |
| This organelle, found on cells which maintain a fixed position, works as a part of a team to move substances along the surface of the cell, what organelle is it? | Cilia |
| Glycosylation, Phosphorylation, Geranylgeranylation and Farnesylation are all chemical modifications that are applied to what? | Proteins |
| Newly-synthesized proteins arrive at what face of the Goldi complex? | Cis |
| There are at least three different functions for the _____. All three functional types look the same under the electron microscope so they have one name. | I dont know |
| This organelle appears in the electron microscope two ways. One has bumps on its surface and the other one doesn't. | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| What does the medical term vesicle mean? | Little Bladder |
| What organelle can be found free floating, or attached to a membrane Network? | Ribosome |
| A protein destined for export from the cell passes through which organelles, in order? | Rough ER, Golgi Complex, Secretory Vesicle |
| Describe what a ribosome looks like | A blob of red, pink, and blue looking tubes. |
| Which organelle is acidic, with a pH of about 5. Here, enzymes called acidic hydrolases break down other organelles that are being recycled or are no longer needed? | Lysosome |
| What is the function of proteasomes? | To degrade faulty cellular proteins. |
Created by:
jessica.m145