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bio exam review pt2

QuestionAnswer
How does bacteria grow by binary fission? single DNA molecule replicates and both copies attach, at different points, to the cell membrane.
The relationship between growth rate and doubling/generating time the rule of 70
How many cells will be found in a culture growing exponentially, 2 cells, then 4 cells, then 8 cells, then 16, then 32
The different direct and indirect approaches can be used to measure/quantify bacterial growth Direct - measurement of the growth of microbial populations through measuring cell numbers, measuring the populations total mass. Indirect- not always necessary to count microbial cells to estimate their numbers
the name we give a microbe to describe its temperature range and optimum Mesophilic
the name we give a microbe if given its pH and optimum neutrophiles, acidophile, and alkaliphile
the name we give a microbe if given its %NaCl range and optimum nonhalophiles, nonhalotolerant, halotolerant
the macromolecules that the major six elements (C,H,O,N,P,S) are found in carbohydrates, lipids, necleic acids, and proteins
which elements are considered essential carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfer
3 methods by which bacteria can take up foreign DNA transformation, transduction, conjugation
what happens during transcription What is the major enzyme involved he DNA sequence of a gene is copied into RNA RNA polymerase is involved
what happens during translation? mRNA sequence is read using the genetic code.
during translation, what cell structure carries out this process ribosomes
ribosomes in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes Prokaryotic ribosomes are composed of a small RNA molecule, called a messenger RNA, and a protein called a ribosomal protein. Eukaryotic ribosomes, are composed of a large RNA molecule, called an mRNA, and a number of different proteins.
3 types of RNA an how they are involved in translation mRNA- messenger rRNA- ribosomal tRNA- transfer
what happens during DNA replication is the process by which the chromosome copies itself
what major enzymes are involved in DNA replication amylase, lipase, DNase, gelatinase
are plasmids found mostly in prokaryotes or eukaryotes eukaryotes
what types of genes are found on plasmids TRA gene
how are chromosomes and plasmids different plasmid is a circular double-stranded extra-chromosomal DNA structure of bacteria while the chromosome is a well-organized thread-like structure that contains genomic DNA tightly coiled with proteins.
differnece between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes prokaryotic genome is present in the cytoplasm while eukaryotic genome confines within the nucleus
anaerobic electron acceptor anaerobic respiration uses an alternative terminal electron acceptor
difference between exoenzymes and endoenzymes exoenzymes- catalyze reactions outside of the cell endoenzymes-function within the cells
Created by: mfrees
 

 



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