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Lueken Bio Exam
Friday 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrate elements | CHO with 1:2:1 ratio |
| Carbohydrate function | 1. short term energy 2. structure cell wall of plants and exoskeletons of animals |
| Carbohydrate monomer | Monosaccharide |
| What biomolecule are these? glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, glycogen, starch... | Carbohydrate biomolecule |
| -OH biomolecule | Carbohydrate functional group |
| Lipid elements | CHO with 1:2:very few ratio |
| Lipids function | 1. long term energy 2. Insulation 3. Cushions organs |
| Lipid monomer | Triglyceride |
| What biomolecule are fats, oils, waxes, and steriods? | Lipids |
| -CH3 biomolecule | Lipids functional group |
| Protein elements | CHON |
| Protein function | 1. structure and support 2. transportation 3. communication (receptors) 4. speed up chemical reactions |
| Protein monomer | amino acids |
| What biomolecule are collagen, hemoglobin, and keratin? | Protein biomolecule |
| -NH2 amino group molecule and -COOH carboxyl group | Protein functional group |
| Nucleic acid elements | CHONP |
| nucleic acid functions | store and transmit instructions for living organisms |
| nucleic acid monomer | nucleotide |
| what biomolecule are dna and rna | nucleic acid biomolecule |
| -PO4 biomolecule | nucleic acid functional group |
| organic compounds | must have carbon covalently bonded to hydrogen |
| carbon valence | 4 |
| individual electrons shared in a single covalent bond | 2 |
| individual electrons shared in a double covalent bond | 4 |
| individual electrons shared in a triple covalent bond | 6 |
| -OH | hydroxide |
| -CH3 | methyl |
| -PO4 | phosphate |
| -COOH | carboxyl group |
| -OH property | basic |
| molecule possessing -OH group | alcohol |
| substances/molecules largest to smallest | macromolecule, polymer, monomer, atom |
| monomers combine to form polymers | dehydration synthesis (take away H20) |
| polymers breakdown to form monomers | hydrolysis reactions (add H2O) |
| process forming water | condensation reaction |
| energy molecule that drives chemical reactions | ATP |
| ATP phosphate groups | 3 |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP max removable phosphate groups | 2 |
| ATP loses 1 phosphate group | ADP |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| ATO loses 2 phosphate groups | AMP |
| AMP | adenosine monophosphate |
| most stable energy molecule (no energy left) | AMP |
| 4 major macromolecule classes | 1. carbs 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids |
| types of carbs largest to smallest (saccharides) | polysaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide |
| monosaccharide examples | 1. glucose 2. fructose 3. galactose |
| how monosaccharides are identified | checking 1:2:1 ratio |
| glucose | C6H12O6 |
| molecules sharing glucose formula | 1. galactose 2. fructose |
| isomer | same molecular formula but different structural formula |
| mono | one |
| di | two |
| poly | many |
| sucrose | fructose+glucose |
| maltose | glucose+glucose |
| lactose | glucose+galactose |
| polysaccharide stored by plants | starch |
| polysaccharide stored by animals | glycogen |
| molecule with 2 amino acids | dipeptide |
| molecule with many amino acids | polypeptide |
| molecule made of many polypeptides | protein |
| enzyme functions | 1. speed up reaction 2. decrease activation energy 3. act as catalysts |
| molecule acted on by enzymes | substrates |
| T or F enzymes are reusable | True |
| lipids have in common | nonpolar |
| lipids make good fuel source | composed of many carbon-hydrogen bonds |
| fatty acid head | 1. carboxyl group 2. polar 3. hydrophilic |
| fatty acid tail | 1. hydrocarbon 2. nonpolar 3. hydrophobic |
| saturated fats | 1. solid at room temp 2. carbon bonds to all 4 atoms |
| unsaturated fats | 1. liquid at room temp 2. carbon bonded to less than 4 atoms 3. bends molecule 4. c=c |
| two lipids making up cell membrane | 1. phospholipids 2. sterols |
| wax in plants function | protective barrier against environment/water |
| wax in animals function | prevents water from sticking on fur/animal surfaces |
| lipid composed of 4 carbon rings | steriods |
| dna stores info | inside 4 bases of nucleic acids |
| monomers of dna or rna | nucleotides |
| 3 parts of nucleotides | 1. phosphate group 2. 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose sugar) 3. nitrogen base |
| nucleic acid bases (4) | 1. thymine 2. cytosine 3. guanine 4. adenine |
| NH2 | amine |
| Starch function | storage in plants |
| glycogen function | storage in animals |
| cellulose location | in plants |
| cellulose function | support in plants |
| chitin location | in animals |
| chitin function | support in animals |
| saturated fat bond | without double covalent bond |
| unsaturated | with double covalent bond (c=c) |
Created by:
arabella_m_savannah
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