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Chemistry_ofBiology2

TermDefinition
Organic compounds compounds that contain carbon atoms
Carbons form... strong stable bonds
Carbon CAN form... chains that are almost unlimited in size/chains or rings
macromolecules are made from... thousands of smaller molecules
carbs- bread
lipids- fats like oil
proteins- peanut butter
nucleic acid- DNA or RNA
carbs are made up of... carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 1:2:1
carbs' functions are... they are a main source of energy and are used for structural purposes
monomers of carbs are... simple sugars
carbs are classified according to... how many sugar molecules they contain
monosaccharides contain... one molecule of sugar
disaccharides contain... two molecules of sugar
polysaccharides contain... many molecules of sugar
starch is... only found in plants
many many molecules of glucose are bonded together to form... starch
glycogen is... a polysaccharides that is only found in animals
glycogen is the way that... animals store excess glucose
starch is the way that... plants store excess glucose
liver bonds together many, many molecules of glucose form... glycogen
cellulose is... stringy fibrous material found in the cell wall of plants
lipids are... fats, oils, waxes
lipids contain... carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
monomers of lipids are... fatty acids and glycerol
unsaturated fatty acid tails happen when... there is a carbon carbon double bond
saturated fatty acid tails happen when... there is hydrogen all around and no C=C
a lipid has... one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid tails
saturated fat tends to be... solid
unsaturated fat tends to be... liquid
uses of lipids.... store energy, important parts of cell membrane, form waterproof coverings, insulate and cushion organs
nucleic acids contain... carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
monomers of nucleic acids are... nucleotides
nucleic acids job is to... store and transmit genetic information
nucleotides contain... a phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
proteins contain... carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur
monomers of proteins are... amino acids
peptide bonds... hold amino acids together
uses for proteins... enzymes, hormones, transport proteins, antibodies, membrane proteins, etc.
enzymes are... proteins that speed up the chemical reactions of the cell
without enzymes the reactions of the cell would... go so slowly that the cell would die
substrate molecules... are the reactants in the reaction
products are... new substances formed as a result of the reaction
the active site is.. where the substrate molecules bind to the enzyme like a "lock and key"
the amino acid has 4 parts which are... carboxyl group, amino group, a hydrogen, and an "R" group
Created by: Study.All.Day
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