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Newtons Laws &Forces
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Force | push or a pull on an object |
| Net Force | sum (total) of all forces acting on a body (either vertically or horizontally) |
| Mass | total matter within an object |
| Inertia | resistance of an object's mass to change in its motion (Newton's 1st Law) |
| Action/Reaction Pair | forces between two objects that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction (Newton's 3rd Law) |
| Body | physical object, collection of matter |
| Newton's Laws | describe the relationship between the forces acting on a body and its motion |
| Free Body Diagram | model used to visualize the force vectors acting on an object (a.k.a. FBDs or force diagrams) |
| Component Force | one of a number of forces acting on a body |
| Equilibrium | state where all the forces that act on an object are balanced (Newton's 1st Law) |
| Balanced | when opposite forces acting on an object are equal, Fnet = 0, and velocity is constant at rest OR moving (0 acceleration) |
| Unbalanced | when forces on an object are not equal, Fnet ≠ 0, and velocity is changing-accelerating (Newton's 2nd Law) |
| Weight | long-range force pulling down on an object's mass due to gravity (a.k.a. gravitational force) |
| Normal Force | contact force that is perpendicular to a surface and supports an object's weight |
| Tension Force | pulling force transmitted by a string, cable, rope, chain, etc. |
| Friction Force | resistance force that is parallel to a surface and acts in the opposite direction an object is moving or other force is applied |
| Static Friction | larger contact force between two objects that are not moving relative to each other |
| Sliding Friction | smaller contact force between two objects sliding against each other (a.k.a. kinetic friction) |
| Coefficient of Friction | ratio of the friction force resisting the motion of two surfaces that are in contact (symbol: μ) |
| Horizontal Plane | flat surface of 0 degrees |
| Inclined Plane | surface that is not flat, but tilted at an angle (ex: ramp) |
| Applied Force | force that is usually applied to an object by a person |
| Spring Force | pulling or pushing force transmitted by a spring |
| Direct | relationship where either both variables increase or both decrease (ex: force & acceleration) |
| Inverse | relationship where one variable increases while the other decreases (ex: mass & acceleration) |
| Fnet=ma | net force equals mass times acceleration (Newton's 2nd Law) |
| Point Mass | all the mass is assumed to be at the middle dot in the box on a free body diagram |
| Magnitude | size or amount (number) |
Created by:
john_bailey720
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