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Unit 5: Balancing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| oxidation number | the number of electrons that must be added to or removed from an atom in a combined state to convert the atom into the elemental form |
| oxidation-reduction reaction | any chemical change in which one species is oxidized (loses electrons)and another species is reduced (gains electrons); also called redox reaction |
| reactants | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
| products | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
| coefficients | a small whole number that appears as a factor in front of a formula in a chemical equation |
| law of conservation of mass | the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes |
| combustion reaction | the oxidation reaction of an element or compound, in which energy as heat is released |
| decomposition reaction | a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances |
| synthesis reaction | a reaction in which two or more substances combine to from a new ground |
| single displacement reaction | a reaction in which one element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound |
| double displacement reaction | a reaction in which the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds |
| monatomic ions | an ion formed from a single atom |
| nomenclature | a naming system |
| oxyanions | a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen |
| formula mass | the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in the formula of any molecules formula unit or ion |
| percent composition | the percent age by mass of each element in a compound |
| empirical formula | a chemical formula that shows the composition of a compund in terms of the relative numbers and kinds of atoms in the simplest ratio |
| chemical equation | a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products |
| word equation | an equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are represented by words |
| formula equation | a representation of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbols or formulas |
| reversible reaction | a chemical reaction in which products re-form the original reactants |
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