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Western Civ 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Augustus | Emperor of Rome, started the Pax Romana Held absolute power without breaking republicanism |
| How did Augustus disguise his absolute power? | Wanted to be called princeps instead of King. "Claimed" to work in relationship with the senate Tried to step down as a king but was begged to stay = could claim legitimate leadership |
| Princeps | First citizen. Augustus' rule was known as the principate |
| Julio Claudian Dynasty and who ended it | First four emperors after Augustus. Strengthened his achievements. Nero ended it by committing suicide |
| Flavian Dynasty and who marked the beginning of it | Vespasian started the Flavian dynasty. He suppressed nationalist uprising in Gaul and Judea. His son's Titus and Domitian succeeded him |
| Who ended the Flavian Dynasty? | Domitian, when he was assassinated |
| What tradition did the emperor Nerva start? | Adopting one's own son so they could become heir |
| Who were the "five good emperors" | Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Pius, and Marcus Aurelius |
| What was so great about Marcus Aurelius | he was a philosopher. Wrote about stoic thought. |
| What ended the Pax ROmana? | Aurelius son Commodus, the crazy megalomaniac, becoming emperor |
| Virgil | Wrote the Aenid, asked by Augustus to write this epic to glorify the Roman empire |
| Livy | Wrote "History of Rome" depicted greatness of Roman character |
| Horace | Poet, son of a free slave, preached about moderation |
| What is the leading philosophy of the early middle ages? | Stoicism |
| What does stoicism preach | HIghest good is NOT in afterlife Universe is governed by reason Human intellect is good Because of everyone's ability to reason, everyone has a common humanity |
| Ptolemy | 2nd century Ad- Provided model of the universe (but said Earth was the center of the universe) |
| Galen | contributed to anatomy |
| What is Jus civile and jus gentium | Jus civile- formation of civil law and formation of the law of nations |
| Which part of the population benefited from the Pax Romana | Only small population reaped the beneits of the Pax Romana- landlords, merchants, and administrators |
| Humanism vs. Mythic religion | Humanism- valued human only. Mythic religion lost care for emotion- only valued life after death |
| Cult of Mirthras | Popular with army because it valued bravery. Had parallels with early christianity |
| Why did Rome turn to the gods? | Felt they could provide what reason and natural law couldn't - a way of overcoming life's misfortunes |
| Neo platonism | replaced stoicism in Late Roman Empire |
| Plotonius | 205-279 AD, most influential Neo Platonist- believed world was just disappointment, goal of life is attaining knowledge of the one |
| Which reign was Jesus in? | Tiberius- 14-37 AD |
| in the 1st century BC, what were the 4 religious sects among the Palestinian Jews? | Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes, Zealots |
| Saducees? | Consisted of upper stratum of Jewish society- STRICT interpretation of mosaic law |
| Mosiac law | Torah |
| Pharisees | More liberal attitude toward mosiac law- Believed in life after death, and had support of most. |
| Which sect do all later forms of Judaism come from? | Pharisees |
| Essenes | semimonastic community near the Dead Sea |
| Zealots | rebels that believed Jews shouldn't pay taxes or acknowledge Roman rule |
| Saint Paul | formulated doctrines that presented break with Judaism- also claimd mosiac law was not important **separated Christianity from Judaism. |
| Why was Christianity able to spread so quickly? | Had an organized body of followers- the church people easy to spread because missionaries spoke Koine ( common language) People were already from Cult of Mithras so easy to convert because shared ideals |
| Who persecuted Christians? | Nero but it wasn't that serious because it was so SPORADIC. Diocletian's in mid 3rd century was bad though. |
| Who granted the Edict of Milan? what is it? | Constantine in 313 AD. It gave tolerance to Christians |
| Who made Christianity the state religion? | Theodius I in 392 AD. Made the worshiping of Pagan gods illegal |
| Bishop. Pope | One clergyman in community with authority to resolve disputes. Pope is "Father"- bishop of Rome |
| Saint Basil | 329-379 AD- Established rules that became the standards for monasteries in the East |
| Saint Benedict | Founded monastery in italy- His rule was that monk should live in Poverty |
| Council of Nicea | First assembly- created Nicene creed |
| Saint Jerome | 340-420 AD, translated old testament from Hebrew and Greek |
| Saint Ambrose | 340-379 Urged clerics not to pursue wealth |
| Saint Augustine | 354-430 wrote "city of god" as response to criss of Roman Empire. Believed in ideal state in heaven. rejected distinguishing feature of humanism- he believed reason needed to be GUIDED by faith |
| Classicism? vs. Christian ideals | Classcisim- believed there is no authority higher than reason Christianity believed history has spiritual meaning Classical belief is history has no ultimate end or meaning |
| What was the prime reason for the third century crisis of Germanic tribes invading Rome? | THe granting of citizenship for everyone -army was not loyal and was only greedy for spoils. |
| What did people do as a result of the pillaging of the tribes? | Flee to the countryside, which became the new central life. And also turned to mystery cults |
| Diocletian | 285-350 AD Initiated Pomp of the east, made made people keep jobs for life,including curiales (city officials that pocketed tax money), and militarized Rome. |
| Constantine | 306-337 Built imperial capital of Constantinople, also tightened the reigns of government |
| THE HUNS | Nomadic people from central Asia. Forced goths to take refuge within E. Roman empire |
| Goths | Took nearly 2/3rd of Rome'as arm |
| Vandals | Pillaged Rome, overthrew Romulus the ROman emperor and replaced him with Odacer |
| What signified the end of the Roman empire | The overthrowing of Romulus and replacing with Odacer |
Created by:
Nicole61491