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Organic Chemistry

Intro to Organic Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
this is the study of carbon containing compounds and their properties Organic Chemistry
means “derived from living organisms.” Organic
the belief that natural products needed a “vital force” to create them "vitalism"
was the study of gases, rocks, and minerals, and the compounds that could be made from them. Inorganic Chemistry
“Father of Organic Chemistry”, converted ammonium cyanate, made from ammonia and cyanic acid, to urea simply by heating it in the absence of oxygen Friedrich Wöhler
Bark of Cinchona trees – chewed for years to treat symptoms of malaria Quinine
Ancient Egyptians ate roasted ox liver in the belief that it improved night vision Vitamin A
An ancient antipyretic involved chewing willow bark Salicin a derivative of salicylic acid
Mid 17th century a new compound was synthesized called acetylsalicylic acid Aspirin
Fermentation of grains and fruits Ethanol
In ancient Bengal, Java and Guatemala, plants provided a deep blue substance used to color clothing Indigo
Ancient Phoenicians used an extract from a snail to color cloth Tyrian purple
Plant known as Belladona has been used for centuries as a poison Atropine (found in the stems of tomato plants
He isolated acidic components from grapes and lemons by forming precipitates with Ca++ or Pb then adding mineral acids Carl William Scheele
isolated acidic components from grapes and lemons by forming precipitates with Ca++ or Pb then adding mineral acids to form Tartaric acid or citric acid
Also isolated Uric acid from urine Carl William Scheele
He isolated a compound from opium extracts FRIEDRICH SERTURNER
a compound from opium extracts morphine
He isolated a crystalline material from animal tissues MICHEL CHEVREUL
a compound from animal tissues cholesterol
They isolated an alkaloid STRYCHNINE PIERRE PELLETIER & JOSEPH CAVENTOU
perfected the science of organic analysis based on Lavoisier’s early work JUSTUS LEIBIG
described the substances obtained from living organisms as organic compounds & that they were composed of only C &H JONS J. von BERZELIUS
described what was known as the VITAL FORCE THEORY BERZELIUS & Charles GERHARDT
showed that all classes of organic compounds could be synthesized MARCELLIN BERTHELOT
He prepared ethane via electrolysis of potassium acetate HERMANN KOLBE
He prepared butane from iodoethane & zinc SIR EDWARD FRANKLAND
He discovered amines; synthesis of higher alkanes from 2 alkyl halides (coupling reaction CHARLES WURTZ
He showed how ethers could be prepared from K salt of an alcohol and alkyl iodide ALEXANDER WILLIAMSON
He prepared the first commercially synthetic dye mauve WILLIAM PERKIN
He introduced the term “chemical structure BUTLEROV
He introduced the idea of closed valence bonds… but the concept was still vague on how the atoms in carbon were attached AUGUST KEKULE
He introduced the concept of bond formation due to sharing of electrons… covalent bond Gilbert Lewis
He theorized the concept of acids and bases according to the electron shared or accepted Gilbert Lewis
He introduced the orbital concept of molecules HEISENBERG & SHRODINGER
He synthesized protoporphyrin HANS FISCHER
isolated from ants and named after the Latin word for ant, formica; Formic acid
- Isolated from urine Urea
A painkiller named after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus; Morphine
Adolf von Baeyer named this compound in honor of a woman named Barbara Barbituric acid
n 1892, a group of 34 European chemists met in Switzerland and developed a system of organic nomenclature called the Geneva rules.
34 European chemists met in Switzerland International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC (pronounced “I–YOU–PACK”).
Names produced by IUPAC rules are called systematic names.
Created by: 3236359259953888
 

 



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