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Chemistry Unit 2
Unit 2: Classifying Matter & Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organic | carbon-containing substances (90% of known chemicals are organic) |
| Inorganic | non-carbon containing substances (EX: NaCl) |
| Physical Chemistry | interrelationships between energy and matter (calculus & chemistry collide) |
| Biochemistry | study of chemistry in living organisms |
| Analytical | study of composition and identification of substances |
| Polyatomic Ions | ions formed from more than one atom |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another |
| Potential Energy | stored energy due to position or composition |
| Kinetic Energy | energy of matter in motion |
| Exothermic Reaction | energy from potential energy of reactants is released. If activation energy is low, reaction may occur spontaneously (on its own) |
| Endothermic Reaction | Absorbed energy comes from surroundings |
| Physical Properties | absorbed without altering the identity of the material |
| Chemical Properties | properties observed only by changing the chemical identity of material |
| Extensive | depends on amount of material (EX: mass, volume) |
| Intensive | independent of amount (EX: density, melting point, boiling point) |
| Physical Change | a change in which the chemical identity of the material is retained (EX: cutting, crushing, change in state) |
| Chemical Change | a change in which the chemical identity of material is altered (EX: burning wood, frying an egg) |
| Precipitate | solid that forms from a solution |
| Element | type of matter that cannot be broken down into 2 or more pure substances (EX: C, S) |
| Compound | pure substance that contains 2 or more bonded elements (EX: CaCo2, H2O, H2O2) |
| Mixture | contains 2 or more pure substances that retain their chemical identity |
| Heterogeneous | composition of mixture is not uniform (EX: sulfur/iron mixture) |
| Homogeneous | uniform composition throughout (solutions) |
| Ion | a charged atom (+ or -) |
| Cation | positively charged ions (metals) |
| Anion | negatively charged ions (nonmetals) |
| Ionic Crystal Lattice | a repeating pattern of oppositely-charged ions that are packed together in the solid state |
| Formula Unit | the lowest whole number ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound (EX: NaCl) |
| Monatomic Ions | ions from single atoms (EX: (Cl-, Na+, Mg2+)) |
| Nomenclature | rules for naming chemical compounds |
| Molecule | two or more nonmetal atoms joined in a covalent bond to form an uncharged particle (EX: P2O2, H2O, N2O2) |
| Chromatography | a process for separating components of a mixture |
| Distillation | a method for separating the solvent (a solution that has the ability to dissolve a solute forming a solution) from a solution, where its components will evaporate and vapors condense |
| Evaporation | a method used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid |
| Filtration | a method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid |
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