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BSN 225 Week 6
Sherpath - health, wellness, safety and illness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Factors Influencing Health....What are examples of biologic and genetic determinants in humans? | Age Body structure Body Function |
| What are some biological determinants if a person is a female | Alzheimer disease Urinary tract infections Multiple sclerosis Migraines |
| What are some biological determinants if a person is a male | Autism Kidney stones Parkinson disease Pancreatitis |
| Genetic Determinants: What are some single-gene disorders? | Cystic fibrosis Phenylketonuria Sickle cell anemia Hemophilia A Familial hypercholesterolemia Huntington disease |
| Genetic Determinants: What are some chromosomal disorders? | Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome |
| Genetic Determinants: What are some multifactorial disorders? | Cancer Coronary heart disease Hypertension Stroke |
| Genetic Vulnerability: | Genetic vulnerability, or risk for disease expression based on genotype, is a determinant of health involuntarily passed from biologic parents to their offspring (Yoost, 2020). |
| Genetic Susceptibility: | Individuals with a genetic susceptibility, or genetic predisposition, may not be born with a disease but may be at high risk for acquiring it (Stanhope, 2016). |
| Epigenetics: | Epigenetics studies changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression. This study of molecular states investigates the sensitivity of genes to environmental cues explaining how natural traits may respond to social environments |
| Which term refers to the risk for disease expression passed on involuntarily from biologic parents to offspring? | Genetic vulnerability, or risk for disease expression based on genotype, is a determinant of health involuntarily passed from biologic parents to their offspring. |
| Social determinants of health describe factors that include the social and physical environments in which people are born, grow, live, learn, play, work, worship, and age. | This classification of determinants is often mistakenly assumed to be the only determinant that affects health. Nurses should focus on assessing the relationships among the social determinants of health. |
| Define social environments: | Conceptual aspects that shape interactions between people. Things such as cultural norms, traditions, attitudes, education levels, socioeconomic status. |
| Define physical environments: | Concrete aspects that an individual can feel, see, and hear. Things such as neighborhoods, buildings, ecosystems. |
| What are the 5 social determinants of health? | Economic Stability Education Social and Community Context Health and Health Care Neighborhood and Built Environment |
| Economic Stability: | Economic stability is a leading health indicator. Factors that influence economic stability, including poverty, employment, food security, and housing stability, can significantly affect an individual’s health. |
| Education: | Education positively influence health. Higher education levels are associated with: Longer life expectancy Improved health and quality of life Health-promoting behavior, such as regular physical activity, not smoking, and having routine checkups |
| Lower-education levels are linked with: | Lower education levels are linked with poor health, increased stress, low self-confidence. Other education-related factors that influence health are high school graduation, enrollment in higher education, language/literacy, and early childhood education |
| Social and Community Context: | Social and community context is a determinant of health for both communities as a whole and individual members of communities. Social and community context issues are social cohesion, civic participation, discrimination, and incarceration |
| Health and health care: | Effective health care depends on individuals being able to access and utilize health resources. Health and health care as a social determinant of health includes the following issues: access to health care, access to primary care, and health literacy. |
| Neighborhood and Built Environment: | Factors influencing neighborhood and built environment include the following: access to healthy foods, crime and violence, quality of housing, and environmental conditions. |
| Sherpath - Health Promotion, Illness Prevention, and Levels of Preventative Care | |
| Define Health Promotion: | Health promotion, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is an empowerment process of “enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health” (2018). |
| What are the 7 optimal health dimensions? | Physical Emotional Social Intellectual Spiritual Occupational Environmental |
| What is passive health promotion strategy? | Passive strategies of health promotion are actions or conditions that benefit an individual’s health and do not require the individual’s active involvement. Ex. having access to filtered water or drinking milk with added vitamins |
| What is active health promotion strategy? | Active strategies of health promotion require individuals to be engaged or actively involved in activities to improve and maintain health. Ex. Smoking cessation, weight reduction, dietary changes |
| What are modifiable risk factors? | Risk factors for poor health that can be changed or modified. Ex poor nutrition/overeating, insufficient rest, smoking, behaviors leading to unintentional injury |
| What are nonmodifiable risk factors? | Risk factors for poor health that cannot be changed. Ex. Age, Sex, Genetics, Family history |
| Define primary prevention | Primary prevention refers to measures initiated before disease occurs. This level of prevention operates by removing the causes; interventions are implemented before any manifestations of illness are present |
| Define secondary prevention | Secondary prevention actions focus on early detection of disease and emphasize early disease diagnosis before symptoms occur. |
| Define tertiary prevention | Tertiary prevention activities attempt to decrease the effects experienced by individuals diagnosed with various conditions. |
| Define quaternary prevention | The fourth level of prevention focuses on the premise primum non nocere, meaning “first, do no harm.” “Quaternary prevention has become an essential component of [the] prevention concept” (Pandve, 2014). |
| Sherpath -Illness | |
| Acute Illness Durations | Short duration Appears quickly Physical and psychological consequences can affect a patient’s immediate functional ability. |
| Acute Illness Impacts | Reversible May be severe or fatal Residual effects may extend beyond the course of the disease or injury itself. |
| Acute Illness Symptoms | Abrupt Intense Subside after a relatively short period of time; may resolve quickly with treatment |
| Acute Illness Examples | Upper respiratory infections/influenza Organ (e.g., ear, kidney, bladder) infections MyocardiaI infarction (heart attack) Panic attack |
| Chronic Illness Duration | Longer duration Lasts longer than 6 months; some may last a lifetime Physical and psychological consequences can significantly affect a patient’s physical and mental functioning. |
| Chronic Illness Impacts | Irreversible Residual effects are likely permanent and may result in disability. Impacts activities of daily living Individuals must learn to live with rather than die from the condition. |
| Chronic Illness Symptoms | Affects functioning in one or more systems Characterized by periods of remission (disappearance of clinical manifestations) and exacerbation (worsening of clinical manifestations) Drug regimen adherence and health care provider visits are important. |
| Chronic Illness Examples | Hypertension Diabetes Heart failure Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| Which statement characterizes illness? | Illness is a multidimensional state of health characterized by impaired abilities in social, physical, emotional, or intellectual functioning. |
| Suchman's Stages of Illness: 1-5 | |
| Stage I: Symptom Experience: The individual is aware that something is wrong. | Clinical manifestations are characterized as: Physical (fever, muscle aches, malaise, headache) Cognitive (perception of “having flu”) Emotional (worries about consequences of illness) Actions are taken to seek care or professional help. |
| Stage II: Assumption of Sick Role Symptoms persist and become severe; the individual decides illness is genuine and that care is necessary. The individual accepts or rejects the sick role. | Confirmation of the illness is sought from families and the support system. The individual receives permission to act sick. The individual is relieved from normal duties, roles, expectations, and social and personal obligations. |
| Stage III: Medical Care Contact Professional advice is sought and received from health care providers. Legitimate identification and diagnosis of the illness and the person’s sick role are provided. A second opinion may be sought. | The validity of the condition is accepted, the medical diagnosis is authenticated, and a plan for treatment is devised. An explanation of symptoms is provided. Reassurance or prediction of the treatment outcome is provided. |
| Stage IV: Dependent Patient Role The patient seeks expert acknowledgment of the illness and receives validation of the illness. An explanation of symptoms and treatment is provided. The patient undergoes treatment. | The individual often feels dependent, ambivalent, or fearful and may reject treatment, the advice of health care providers, and realness of the illness. The patient has a significant need for emotional support and education about the illness. |
| Stage V: Recovery/Rehabilitation The patient abandons the sick role and resumes life to the greatest degree possible. Therapy is required if permanent disability occurs. The individual returns to activities of daily living, likely with modifications. | The individual may own the sick role, view themselves as chronically ill, and act for secondary gain. In cases of chronic illness, stage V will involve adjustments due to a possible reduction in health and functioning. |
| Impacts of the Illness Experience | The illness experience affects not only the patient but also the patient’s family. The provision of optimal nursing care requires an awareness of these consequences. |
| Impacts continued | Changes for Patient Behavioral and emotional changes Loss of autonomy Self-concept and body image changes |
| Impacts continued | Lifestyle Changes for Family Role changes, including task reassignments Conflict about unaccustomed responsibilities Anxiety about outcomes Financial problems Change in social customs Loneliness as a result of separation and pending loss |
Created by:
Awolfgram24