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ART HISTORY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Post and lintel | An architectural system of construction with two or more vertical elements supporting straight, horizontal elements |
| ziggurats | In Mesopotamia, a tall stepped pyriamidal structure of earthen materials, often supporting a shrine |
| registers | placements of self contained bands of reliefs in a vertical arrangement. |
| hierarchic scale | the use of differences in size to indicate relative importance. |
| stele | an upright stone slav decorated with inscriptions or reliefs. Used as a grave marker or commemorative monument. |
| mastaba | a one story structure with a flat top and slanted walls built over an ancient Egyptian underground tomb |
| canon of proportions | set of ideal mathematical ratios in art based on measurement, as in the proportional relationships among the basic elements of the human body |
| colonnade | a row of columns, supporting a straight lintel or a series of arches |
| hypostyle hall | a large interior room characterized by many closely spaced columns that support its roof |
| stupa | Buddhist Architecture - a bell shaped or pyramidal religious monument, made of poled earth or stone and containing sacred relics. |
| mudra | a symbolic hand gesture in Buddhist art that denotes certain behaviors, actions, or feelings |
| pagoda | East Asian reliquary tower built with successively smaller, repeated stories. Each story is usually marked by an elaborate, projecting roof |
| haniwa | Pottery forms that were placed on top of Japanese tombs or burial mounds in the Kofun period |
| corbel arch | arch formed by courses of stones, each of which projects beyond the lower course until the space is closed; usually finished with a capstone |
| black figure painting | technique of ancient greek pottery in which black figures are painted on a red clay background |
| red figure painting | red clay colored figures reserved on a black background |
| kore | an archaic greek statue of a young woman or girl |
| Kouros | archaic greek statue of a young man or boy |
| contrapposto | Representing human figures with opposing alternations of tension and relaxation - imbure figures with a sense of the potential for movement |
| Doric Order | system of proportions in classical architecture by the ancient greeks. column shaft - smooth surface with no base. |
| Ionic Order | system of proportions developed by the ancient greeks. column - has a base, fluted shaft, and a capital decorated with volutes |
| Corinthian Order | system of proportions developed by the ancient greeks. acanthus leaf carvings |
| cella | principal interior room in a greek or roman temple within which the cult statue was usually housed. |
| frieze | middle element of an entablature, between the architrave and the cornice. Usually decorated with sculpture, painting, or moldings. Also: any continuous flat band with relief sculpture or painted decorations |
| stylobate | in classical architecture, the stone platform on which a temple stands |
| entablature | in the classical orders, the horizontal elements above the columns and capitals. consists of, from top to bottom, a cornice, frieze and architrave |
| peristyle | a surrounding colonnade in greek architecture |
| pediment | a triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as classical greek porticoes, windows or doors |
| metope | the carved, painted, or plain rectangular spaces between the triglyphs of a doric frieze |
| triglyph | Rectangular blocks between the metoped of a doric frieze. Identified by the three carved vertical grooves, which approximate the appearance of the ends of wooden beams |
| caryatid | sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature |
| foreshortening | the illusion created on a flat surface in which figures and objects appear to recede or project sharply into space. Accomplished according to the rules of perspective. |
| undercutting | a technique in sculpture by which the material is cut back under the edges so that the remaining form projects strongly forward, casting deep shadows |
| aqueduct | a trough to carry flowing water supported, if necessary, by arches |
| voussoir | the oblong, wedge shaped stone blocks used to build an arch. |
| keystone | the topmost voussoir at the center of an arch, and the last block to be placed. The pressure of this block holds the arch together. |
| arcade | a series of arches, carried by columns or piers and supporting a common wall or lintel. |
| rotunda | any building constructed in a circular shape, usually producing a large open space crowned by a dome. |
| oculus | a circular opening |
| transept | the arm of a cruciform church, perpendicular to the nave. |
| basilica | a large rectangular building. Often built with a clerestory, side aisles seperated from the center bave by colonnades, and an aspse at one or both ends. |
| nave | The central aisle of a basilica, two or three stories high, flanked by aisles. |
| side aisles | flank the nave of a church |
| apse | a large semicircular or polygonal niche protruding from the end wall of a building. |
| clerestory | the topmost zone of a wall with windows, extending above the aisle roofs. Bring direct light into the central interior space (the nave). |
| pendentive | the concave triangular section of a vault that forms the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome. |
| illuminated manuscript | painting on paper or parchment used as illustration - hand written book or document |
| icon | an image representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine Church. |
| iconoclasm | the banning and/or destruction of icons and religious images. |
| calligraphy | handwriting as an art form |
| mosque | a building used for communal Muslim worship |
| qibla wall | direction of Mecca - Oriented toward Mecca |
| horseshoe arch | an arch of more than a half circle, often used in western Islamic architecture |
| iwan | a large, vaulter chamber with a monumental arched opening on one side |
| minaret | a tall, slender tower on the exterior of a mosque from which believers are called to prayer |
| ogival arch | an arch with a pointed crown, characteristic of Gothic architecture |
Created by:
baileesayler