Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIOCHEM Lecture 05
exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lipids | hydrophobic, high energy organic molecules |
| types of lipids | fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, steroids |
| fatty acid variation | chain length and saturation |
| saturated | single bonds, packed tightly, solid at room temperature |
| unsaturated | double bonds, liquid at room temperature |
| polyunsaturated | many double bonds |
| fatty acid most common in nature | cis |
| naming fatty acids | labeling from methyl C use omega, delta n for double bond position |
| membrane fluidity | shorter chains and unsaturation increase fluidity |
| melting point | shorter chains and unsaturation decrease melting point |
| triacylglycerol/triglyceride structure | three fatty acids covalently ester bonded to glycerol backbone |
| triacylglycerol/triglyceride function | storage of fatty acids and energy |
| phospholipid structure | glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, C3 link to phosphate group |
| phospholipid function | primary component of membranes |
| sphingolipid structure | fatty acid, hydrophilic X group, sphingosine backbone |
| sphingolipid function | membrane lipid |
| steroid structure | 17 carbons and 4 rings |
| steroid function | signaling for protein production and membrane fluidity |
| cholesterol | parent steroid and synthesized only by animals |
| amphiphilic | hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads, membranes have selective permeability |
| abundance of lipids in membranes (greatest to least) | phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols |
| membrane functions | selectively permeable barrier, scaffold for biochemical activities, transporting solutes, responding to external signals, energy transduction, compartmentalization |
| fluid mosaic model | fluid allows movement and mosaic is made up of proteins and carbohydrates |
| lipid bilayer | polar head groups outside held together by electrostatic interactions, non polar tails inside held together by hydrophobic and dispersion forces |
| macromolecules of a functional membrane | lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| inner leaflet | cytosolic |
| outer leaflet | exoplasmic |
| lipid movement of membrane | lateral diffusion, rarely flip flop |
| lipid raft composition | microdomains of cholesterol and sphingolipids |
| lipid raft function | provide favorable environment for cell surface receptors and GPI anchored proteins, localize components for reactions |
| affects of lipid composition on membranes | interactions, shape and curvature, fluidity |
| length affect on fluidity | shorter fatty acid tails increase fluidity |
| composition affect on fluidity | head group and tails affect fluidity |
| saturation affect on fluidity | more unsaturation increases fluidity |
| cholesterol affect on fluidity | less cholesterol increases fluidity |
| glycolipids | carbohydrates covalently linked to lipids outside the cell |
| glycoproteins | proteins covalently linked to proteins outside the cell |
| peripheral membrane proteins | attached to membrane by weak, temporary interactions with integral proteins or head groups |
| Peripheral membrane protein functions | enzymes, regulators, signaling |
| GPI-anchored membrane proteins | attached by strong bonds with GPI |
| GPI-anchored membrane protein function | enzymes, receptors, adhesion, regulatory, immunological |
| integral membrane proteins | hydrophilic regions outside, hydrophobic domains inside |
| integral membrane protein function | channel, structural, enzymes, receptors, adhesion |
| Passive transport | high to low concentration gradient, no protein |
| active transport | low to high concentration, needs protein |
| passive transport: facilitated diffusion | transport proteins move solutes down a concentration gradient |
| primary active transport | movement of solutes against concentration gradient, energy from ATP |
| secondary active transport | movement of solutes against concentration gradient, energy from second solute going down a concentration gradient |
| channel protein | passive diffusion, does not change in conformation, moves water or small ions |
| simple diffusion | no protein used, small non-polar or lipid soluble molecules move through due to concentration gradient |
| uniport (facilitated passive) | moves down a concentration gradient through a carrier protein |
| symport (secondary active transport) | two solutes move through carrier protein in the same direction, one goes against concentration gradient, one goes down concentration gradient |
| antiport (secondary active transport) | two solutes move through carrier in opposite directions, one goes against concentration gradient, one goes down concentration gradient |
| protein pump | binds solutes collectively, conformational change, gets energy from ATP |
| curvature (lipids) | small heads in inner leaf, large heads in outer leaf |
| curvature (proteins) | helix insertion, scaffolding, cytoskeleton, and membrane proteins |
Created by:
r.logan6029
Popular Chemistry sets