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P1
Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who came up with the idea of the atom? | Democritus and Leucippus |
| What is an atom? | Smallest particle of an element |
| What did Dalton discover in 1803? | 1) all atoms in an element are the same 2) the atoms of one element are different from the atoms in all other elements |
| What model did JJ Thomson create? | The Plum Pudding model |
| What is in the Plum Pudding model? | a ball of positive charge (dough), with negatively charged electrons (currants) mixed in with the 'dough'. |
| What is in the atom? | a small, positively-charged nucleus surrounded by orbiting negatively-charged electrons. |
| What do we call a small, negatively charged particle that orbits an atom's nucleus? | Electron |
| Where is most of the mass of an atom found? | The nucleus |
| What is the overall charge of the nucleus of an atom? | Positive |
| Sub-atomic particles | protons neutrons electrons |
| Protons Relative charge and Mass | +1, 1 unit |
| Neutrons Relative charge and Mass | 0, 1 unit |
| Electrons Relative charge and Mass | -1, 1/2000 OR 0.0005 |
| What sub-atomic particle is arranged at different distances from the nucleus? | electrons |
| Who discovered the nucleus? | Rutherford |
| What is a neutron? | Sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus that have no net charge. |
| What is an electron? | Negatively charged sub-atomic particles that orbit the nucleus. |
| What are Protons? | Positively charged sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus. |
| What are electron shells? | Electrons are arranged in shells around a nucleus. Each shell has a different energy level. |
| What happens when atoms absorb electromagnetic radiation? | its electron arrangements can change. |
| Where is most of the atom's mass found? | An atom's mass is concentrated in the atom's nucleus |
| What did Bohr discover? | Neils Bohr discovered that electrons orbit (fly around) the nucleus at fixed distance - electron shells |
| Who discovered neutrons in 1932? | James Chadwick discovered that some particles in the nucleus have no charge at all. |
| What can be emitted by atoms to change the electron arrangement in an atom? | Electromagnetic Radiation |
| What surrounds the nucleus? | Electon shells |
| What happened in the gold foil experiment? | Most alpha particles went through, some deflected and very few bounced back |
| What conclusions were drawn from the alpha scattering experiment? | most went through- atom mostly empty space large deflections- positively charged mass was repelling alpha particles |
| What happens when atoms absorb electromagnetic radiation? | Electrons move to a higher energy level further away from the nucleus |
| What is the formula for density? | ρ=m/V |
| What is the force that keeps an object floating? | Upthurst |
| When does an object float? | When the density of an object is lower than the density of the fluid |
| What is the law of displacement? | an object completely submerged in a fluid (like water) will replace an amount of fluid equal to its own volume. |
| What are the units of density? | g/cm3 OR kg/m3 |
| What is mass? | of how much matter there is in an object |
| What is volume? | Volume is the evaluation of how much 3-dimensional space is occupied by the object. |
| What are the three states of matter? | Solid, Liquid and Gas |
| Properties of Gas | Gases are the least dense state of matter. The particles are free to move with negligible (tiny) forces between particles. |
| Properties of Solids | Solids are the most dense state of matter. The particles are packed tightly together. |
| Properties of Liquids | Liquids are less dense than solids but more dense than gases. The particles in liquids can move around each other. |
| What do you use to find mass? | Balance |
| How do you find volume? | a) cross section area x height b) law of displacement eureka can |
| What change is a change of state? | Physical change |
| What is another term for melting point? | Fusion Temperature |
| What happens to the mass when an object changes state? | its mass is conserved (stays the same) |
| Are physical changes reversible? | yes |
| Are chemical changes reversible? | no |
| changes of state mass is ______ ___________ ________ processes | conserved reverisble physical |
| Solids melt when: | its at its melting temperature solid particles can overcome the forces between them |
| What is specific latent heat? | The amount of energy needed to change the state of something without a change in temperature |
| List all the changes in state | melting, boiling, sublimation, condensing, freezing, deposition |
| Describe the particle model of a liqud | move around eachother, quicker paced compared to a solid |
| Describe the particle model of a solid | all touching, vibrate in fixed positions |
| What is specific heat capacity? | energy needed to increase the temperature by 1 degrees |
| What is density? | the mass of a given volume of a substance |
| Formula of specific latent heat? | E= mL energy(J)= M(kg) L (specific latent heat) |
| Formula for specific heat capacity? | E= mC△T |
| Describe the particle model of a gas | randomly arranged, speradically moving. |
| Distance travelled | speed x time |
| Acceleration | change in velocity/time |
| Kinetic energy | 1/2 mass x speed^2 |
| Force | mass x acceleration |
| Momentum | mass x velocity |
| work done | force x distance |
| power | work done/time |
| force exerted by a spring | extension x spring constant |
| gravitational force | mass x gravitational field strength |
| gpe | mass x height x gravitational field strength |
| what is the gravitational field strength on earth? | On Earth the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg. |
| charge flow | current x time |
| potential difference | current x resistance |
| electrical power | potential difference x current OR current^2 x resistance |
| energy transferred | power x time |
| wave speed | frequency x wavelength |
| efficiency | useful output energy transfer/ input energy transfer |
Created by:
kaitlingjones
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