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CHEM 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Double displacement reaction | A chemical reaction in which two aqueous compounds exchange ions to produce two new compounds |
| The name for a polyatomic anion that contains oxygen | Oxyanion |
| Theoretical yield | The maximum amount of product that could be produced in a chemical reaction under ideal conditions |
| Oxidation Number | a numerical value assigned to each element to indicate the number of electrons that might be lost, gained, or shared by an atom of that element when it bonds with an ion or an atom of another element to form a compound |
| Actual yield | The measured quantity of a product that is actually obtained from a chemical reaction |
| Single-displacement | A chemical reaction in which one element displaces a similar element in a compound |
| Limiting reactant | the name given to the compound/element used up in a chemical reaction and that causes the reaction to stop |
| the name of a binary molecular compound composed of hydrogen and a halogen | hydrogen halide |
| mole ratio | a conversion factor that compares the number of moles of one substance to the number of moles of another |
| reaction stoichiometry | the name given to the study of the relationships between the quantities of reactants and products involved in chemical reactions |
| binary molecular compound | consists of two atoms that share electrons to form a covalent bond |
| Steps for stoichiometry: | 1. Balance equation 2. Convert each compound to g/mol and moles 3. Find the limiting reactant - reactant with the smaller mol/mol ratio 4. Find the theoretical yield - LR x product g/mol 5. Find the percentage yield-product g / theoretical yield x 100 |
| the name of an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, which is usually a nonmetal | oxyacid |
| combustion reaction | a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with an oxidizer (usually oxygen) and releases energy in the form of light and heat. ex: 2C8H18(l)+25O2(g)→16CO2(g)+18H2O(l). Always yields carbon dioxide and water. |
| Which of the following is NOT a decomposition reaction? | the decomposition of a non-metal oxidizer |
| decomposition reaction formula | AB→A + B |
| percentage yield | The difference between the actual yield and the theoretical yield of chemical reaction expressed as a percentage |
| the name of a binary molecular compound made up of hydrogen and a main group element | hydride |
| Binary ionic compound | When one monatomic cation and one monatomic anion combine |
| excess reactant | the name given to the compound/element that is not completely used up in a chemical reaction |
| single-displacement formula | A + BC→AC + B, or A + BC → BA + C |
| Synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound |
| the general name for an ionic compound composed of a cation from a base bonded to an anion produced by an acid | salt |
| Double displacement formula | AB + CD -> AD + BC |
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