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CHAPTER 1
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| PHAG/O | eat |
| -OUS | pertaining to |
| -ARY | pertaining to |
| -ISM | condition |
| -ICLE | small |
| -IST | specialist |
| -LOGIST | specialist in the study of |
| -ITIS | inflammation |
| -EMIA | blood condition |
| -DYNIA | pain |
| -OMA | tumor |
| -OSIS | condition |
| -MEGALY | enlargement |
| -RRHEA | flow |
| -CENTESIS | puncture |
| -METER | instrument used to measure |
| -SCOPE | instrument used to look |
| -ECTOMY | removal |
| -PLASTY | reconstruction |
| -TOMY | incision |
| EPIDERMIS | THE OUTERMOST LAYER, THE ONE THAT IS VISIBLE |
| DERMIS | IS THE LAYER OF SKIN THAT LIES BENEATH THE EPIDERMIS |
| ONYCHALGIA | PAIN IN THE NAILS |
| KERATOSIS | HARMLESS SKIN CONDITION THAT CAUSES DRY, ROUGH PATCHES AND TINY BUMPS IN ARMS, THIGHS, CHEEKS AND BUTTOCKS |
| LEUKODERMA | PARTIAL OR TOTAL LOSS OR ABSENCE OF PIGMENTATION, WHITE PATCHES OF THE SKIN (VITILIGO) |
| MELANOMA | TYPE OFSKIN CANCER |
| XERODERMA | DRY SKIN CONDITION |
| LIPOMA | BENIGN TUMOR MADE OF FAT TISSUE |
| DERMATOLOGY | THE BRANCH OF MEDICINE THAT DIAGNOSIS, TREAT, AND PREVENT DISEASES OF THE SKIN |
| STEATOSIS | FATTY CHANGE |
| ERYTHRODERMA | INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE WITH REDNESS AND SCALING |
| ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS | INGROWN TOENAIL |
| XANTHODERMA | A YELLOW TO ORANGE MACULAR DISCOLORATION OF THE SKIN |
| SUBCUTANEOUS | THE LAYER OF SKIN BELOW DERMIS AND EPIDERMIS |
| SUBUNGUAL | OCCURING UNDER A FINGERNAIL OR TOENAIL |
| TARSITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE TARSUS OF THE FOOT |
| CHONDRITIS | INFLAMMATION OF CARTILAGE |
| BURSITIS | INFLAMMATIONS OF THE FLUID-FILLED PADS THAT ACTS AS CUSHIONS OF THE JOINTS |
| TENODYNIA | PAIN IN A TENDON |
| MYOSITIS | RARE CONDITIONS THAT CAN CAUSE MUSCLES TO BECOME WEAK |
| FASCIOTOMY | SURGICAL PROCEDURE WHERE THE FASCIA IS CUT |
| FASCIITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE FASCIA |
| DYSTONIA | ABNORMAL MUSCLE TONE |
| KINESIOLOGY | STUDY OF HUMAN BODY MOVEMENT |
| HYPERKINESIA | MUSCLE SPASM |
| ATAXIA | A DEGENERATIVE DISEASE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| ANKYLODACTYLY | ADHESION BETWEEN TWO OR MORE FINGERS OR TOES |
| TIBIALGIA | PAINFUL INFLAMMATION OF MUSCLES IN THE SHINS |
| TARSECTOMY | THE OPERATION OF REMOVING ONE OR MORE OF THE BONES OF THE TARSUS |
| CRANIOMALACIA | ABNORMAL SOFTNESS OF THE BONES OF THE SKULL |
| aphasia | inability to speak |
| ataxia | lack of coordination |
| delirium | brief loss of mental function |
| dementia | loss/decline in mental function |
| dyslexia | difficulty reading |
| dyskinesia | difficulty moving |
| dystonia | condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| somnambulism | sleep walking |
| syncope | fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain |
| neuralgia | nerve pain |
| neurodynia | nerve pain |
| hemiparesis | partial paralysis on half the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on half the body |
| paralysis | complete loss of sensation and motor function |
| kleptomania | desire to steal |
| photophobia | excessive sensitivity to light |
| akinetopsia | inability to see objects in motion |
| ambiopia | double vision |
| amblyopia | decreased vision; when it occurs in one eye, it is referred to as lazy eye |
| asthenopia | weak vision |
| hyperopia | farsightedness |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| ophthalmalgia | eye pain |
| astigmatism | vision problem caused by the fact that light rays entering the eye aren’t focused on a single point in the back of the eye |
| iridalgia | pain in the iris |
| miosis | abnormal contraction of the pupil |
| otalgia | ear pain |
| otodynia | ear pain |
| otorrhea | discharge from the ear |
| ophthalmoscope | instrument for looking at the eye |
| retinoscope | instrument for looking at the retina |
| retinoscopy | procedure for looking at the retina |
| tonometer | instrument for measuring tension or pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure) |
| optometrist | specialist in measuring the eye |
| otolaryngologist | specialist in the ear and throat |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of facial and body hair in women |
| amenorrhea | lack of menstrual flow |
| gynecomastia | development of breast tissue in males |
| menarche | beginning or first menstruation |
| thelarche | beginning of breast development |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| galactorrhea | discharge of milk |
| goiter | swollen thyroid gland |
| thyrocele | another name for goiter |
| acidemia | abnormal acidity of the blood |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive fat in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| anemia | reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue |
| hematoma | mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue |
| splenalgia | pain in the spleen |
| embolism | blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus |
| embolus | mass of matter present in the blood |
| hemolysis | breakdown of blood cells |
| leukopenia | deficiency in white blood cells |
| leukocytosis | increase in the number of white blood cells |
| thrombosis | the formation of a blood clot |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| asplenia | absence of a spleen or of spleen function |
| splenectopy | displacement of the spleen; sometimes called floating spleen |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| antibody | substance produced by the body in response to an antigen |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells |
| immunology | study of the immune system |
| phlebotomy | incision into a vein; another name for drawing blood |
| phlebology | study of veins |
| sphygmomanometer | fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure |
| ischemia | blockage of blood flow to an organ |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of a tonsil |
| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of a tonsil |
| angiocarditis | inflammation of the heart vessels |
| cardiac arrest | cessation of functional circulation |
| carditis | inflammation of the heart |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the tissue around the heart |
| aneurysm | bulge in a blood vessel |
| angioma | blood vessel tumor |
| aortic aneurysm | bulging or swelling of the aorta |
| aortitis | inflammation of the aorta |
| arteriopathy | disease of the arteries |
| cardiology | branch of medicine dealing with the heart |
| diastolic pressure | pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed |
| systolic pressure | pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting |
| electrocardiogram | record of the electrical currents of the heart |
| venogram | record of a vein |
| venospasm | involuntary contraction of a vein |
| varicose veins | an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin |
| occlusion | closing or blockage of a passage |
| apnea | cessation of breathing |
| eupnea | good/normal breathing |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| bradypnea | slow breathing |
| hypopnea | shallow breathing |
| hyperpnea | heavy breathing |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| orthopnea | able to breathe only in an upright position |
| dysphonia | bad voice condition (also known as hoarseness) |
| epistaxis | a nosebleed |
| rhinorrhea | runny nose |
| thoracalgia | chest pain |
| sputum | mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing |
| pectus excavatum | a chest that is hollowed out |
| hemothorax | blood in the chest |
| pulmonary edema | swelling in the lungs |
| oximetry | procedure to measure oxygen levels |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| dentalgia | tooth pain |
| gastralgia | stomach pain |
| odontodynia | tooth pain |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| hemorrhoid | inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus |
| rectalgia | rectal pain |
| cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| jaundice | yellowing of skin, tissue, and fluids caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood |
| sialorrhea | excessive salivation |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| glossoplegia | paralysis of the tongue |
| anophony | sound from the anus |
| flatus | medical term for passing gas |
| hernia | rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it |
| ascites | retention of fluid in the peritoneum |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| sialolith | stone in the saliva |
| colonoscopy | procedure for looking at the colon |
| fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent |
| laparoscopy | procedure for looking inside the abdomen |
| bariatrics | branch of medicine dealing with weight issues |
| orthodontics | branch of medicine dealing with the straightening of teeth |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| cirrhosis | liver disease named for the change of color in the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| odontectomy | surgical removal of a tooth |
| anuria | lack of urination |
| enuresis | involutary urination |
| hematuria | bloody urination |
| nocturia | nighttime urination |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| orchialgia | testicle pain |
| orchidoptosis | downward displacement of a testicle |
| nephrosis | kidney condition |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy |
| diuresis | excessive urination |
| urologist | specialist in the urinary tract |
| voiding | another term for urination |
| anorchidism | lack of a testicle |
| aspermia | condition characterized by lack of sperm |
| seminoma | Type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue |
| ejaculation | emission of semen from the urethra |
| nephrogram | image of a kidney |
| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| nephropathy | any kidney disease |
| renal failure | kidney failure |
| amenorrhea | no menstruation |
| gynecomastia | development of breast tissue in males |
| mastalgia | breast pain |
| mastoptosis | downward displacement (drooping) of the breast |
| menorrhagia | excessive menstrual flow |
| ovarialgia | pain of the ovaries |
| Braxton Hicks contraction | sporadic contractions of the uterine muscles of women not in labor; also known as false labor |
| contraction | shortening or tightening of a muscle; during labor, the uterine muscles contract |
| hypomastia | abnormally small breasts |
| colposcope | instrument used to examine the vagina |
| Pap smear | test used to detect cancer cells, most commonly in the cervix |
| speculum | device for examining a body cavity, most commonly the vagina |
| eutocia | normal labor |
| gravida | another term for pregnant |
| amniocentesis | surgical puncture of the amnion |
| fetometry | procedure for measuring the fetus |
| conception | the process of conceiving a child |
| natal | pertaining to birth |
| mammogram | record of a breast exam |
| colpitis | inflammation of the vagina |
| mastitis | inflammation of the breast |
| abortion | termination of pregnancy |
Created by:
lucianarocha81