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Solar System & Beyon
Solar System & Beyond
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| energy transformation | The change of energy from one type to another, such as from chemical to thermal energy. |
| astronomical unit (au) | the mean, or average, distance between Earth and the Sun |
| atmosphere | The mixture of gases ("air") that surrounds a planet. |
| evidence | Information that supports or refutes a claim |
| boundaries | the extent of a system, separating those components and processes that part of the system from those that are not |
| components | the substances, materials, and processes that make up a system |
| cycle | a sequence of events that repeats |
| data | information gathered from a experiment or observations |
| Earth's axis | the imaginary line around which an object spins, or rotates, |
| Earth's tilt | the angle of Earth's axis (approximately 23.5 degrees from perpendicular) relative to Earth's orbital plane around the Sun. |
| energy | the ability to cause objects to change, move, or work. |
| energy transfer | the movement of energy from one object to another |
| energy transformation | the change of energy from one type to another, such as from chemical to thermal energy |
| force | a push or a pull |
| gravity | a natural phenomenon that causes objects to be attracted to each other based on each object's mass and the distance between them |
| galaxy | a collection of stars and their solar systems that are gravitationally bound to one another |
| gram (g) | a unit of measure in the metric system; 1 gram is equal to 1,000 milligrams |
| interactions | the relationships between the components in a system |
| lunar eclipse | when the Moon passes into Earth's shadow |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| matter | the stuff that makes up all living and nonliving things |
| meter (m) | a unit of length in the metric system; 1 meter is equal to 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters |
| metric system | the worldwide measuring system used by scientists |
| model | any representation of a system (or its components0 used to help one understand and communicate how it works |
| moon phases | the different shapes of the Moon visible from Earth |
| newton (N) | a unit of force in the metric system |
| observation | any description or measurement gathered by the senses or instruments |
| orbit | a curved path that a space object takes around a star, planet, or moon |
| orbital plane | a flat two-dimensional plane where a space object is at any point in its orbit |
| pattern | something that happens in a repeated and predictable way |
| scale | the ratio of the size of a real object to the size of a model, map, diagram, or other representation of that object |
| science | the systematic study of the natural world |
| scientist | someone who pursues understanding of the natural world by using evidence to answer questions |
| solar eclipse | when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun such that the Moon's shadow causes some places on Earth to experience darkness during the daytime |
| solar energy | energy that comes from the sun |
| solar system | a star and all of the objects that orbit it |
| spacecraft | rockets, satellites, probes, space stations, and space shuttles that carry various tools and equipment to gather data about space and space objects |
| technology | any product or process made by engineers and scientists |
| trade-off | a desirable outcome given up to gain another desirable outcome |
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